Verified Service Provider in Sao Tome and Principe
Dose Management Program in Sao Tome and Principe
Engineering Excellence & Technical Support
Monitor and optimize patient radiation dose across modalities. High-standard technical execution following OEM protocols and local regulatory frameworks.
Integrated Data Platform
Deployed a centralized digital platform aggregating patient data, medication history, and dosage regimens across all participating health facilities, enabling real-time monitoring and informed decision-making for healthcare providers.
Predictive Analytics for Stock Optimization
Implemented a predictive analytics module leveraging historical consumption data and epidemiological trends to forecast medication needs, minimizing stockouts and reducing wastage of essential drugs for chronic disease management.
Automated Dosage Reminders & Adherence Tracking
Developed an automated SMS-based reminder system for patients, coupled with a mechanism for healthcare workers to remotely track adherence, significantly improving patient compliance and treatment outcomes for key health programs.
What Is Dose Management Program In Sao Tome And Principe?
In Sao Tome and Principe, a Dose Management Program (DMP) refers to a structured healthcare initiative designed to optimize the use of medications, particularly those with narrow therapeutic indices, high cost, or significant potential for adverse effects. This encompasses the systematic assessment, selection, administration, and monitoring of drug dosages to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity and waste. The program's objective is to ensure patient safety, improve treatment outcomes, and enhance the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical interventions within the nation's healthcare system.
| Target Population | Indications and Use Cases | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients on medications with narrow therapeutic windows (e.g., certain antibiotics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants). | Managing infections requiring precise antibiotic dosing to prevent resistance and ensure eradication. | Optimizing warfarin or direct oral anticoagulant (DOA) therapy to balance anticoagulation efficacy with bleeding risk. | Titrating anticonvulsant therapy for epilepsy management to achieve seizure control with minimal sedation. |
| Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function, as these conditions significantly alter drug metabolism and excretion. | Adjusting dosages of renally excreted drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, vancomycin) in patients with kidney disease. | Modifying dosages of hepatically metabolized drugs (e.g., statins, opioids) in patients with liver dysfunction. | |
| Patients receiving high-cost or highly toxic medications. | Ensuring optimal dosing of expensive chemotherapeutic agents to maximize efficacy and minimize debilitating side effects. | Managing immunosuppressant therapy post-organ transplantation to prevent rejection while avoiding opportunistic infections. | |
| Pediatric and geriatric populations, who may exhibit altered pharmacokinetic profiles compared to adults. | Calculating appropriate pediatric dosages based on weight, body surface area, and developmental stage. | Adjusting geriatric dosages due to age-related physiological changes affecting drug disposition. | |
| Patients with critical illnesses or multiple comorbidities. | Intensive care unit (ICU) patients requiring individualized adjustments for sepsis, organ failure, or burns. | Managing complex polypharmacy in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions. |
Key Components of a Dose Management Program:
- Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Assessment: Evaluation of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs (pharmacokinetics), and how drugs affect the body (pharmacodynamics) to determine appropriate dosing regimens.
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM): Periodic measurement of drug concentrations in biological fluids (e.g., serum) to guide and individualize dosage adjustments, ensuring levels remain within the therapeutic range.
- Drug Interaction Profiling: Identification and management of potential interactions between multiple medications prescribed to a patient, which can alter drug efficacy or increase toxicity.
- Dose Optimization Algorithms: Utilization of evidence-based guidelines, clinical nomograms, and software tools to calculate and adjust drug dosages based on patient-specific factors.
- Patient Education and Adherence Support: Providing clear instructions on medication use, potential side effects, and strategies to improve patient compliance with prescribed regimens.
- Regular Outcome Monitoring: Tracking patient response to therapy, including clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory parameters, to assess the effectiveness and safety of the established dosage.
- Resource Allocation and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Ensuring that prescribed dosages align with available healthcare resources and contribute to the overall cost-effectiveness of patient care.
Who Needs Dose Management Program In Sao Tome And Principe?
A Dose Management Program (DMP) is crucial for ensuring safe and effective medication use, particularly in healthcare settings where patient populations may have complex needs or where resources for specialized medication oversight are limited. In Sao Tome and Principe, the implementation of a DMP can significantly improve patient outcomes, reduce medication errors, and optimize resource allocation. The program's success hinges on identifying the right target customers – the individuals and departments that will benefit most from and actively participate in its execution.
| Target Customer Group | Key Responsibilities within DMP | Primary Department Involved |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with Complex Regimens | Adherence, understanding of medications, reporting side effects. | All Clinical Departments, Pharmacy |
| Elderly Patients (Polypharmacy) | Medication review, deprescribing recommendations, adherence support. | Internal Medicine, Pharmacy |
| Pediatric Patients | Accurate dosing, weight-based calculations, close monitoring. | Pediatrics, Pharmacy |
| Patients with Renal/Hepatic Impairment | Dosage adjustments based on pharmacokinetic data, monitoring. | Internal Medicine, Pharmacy, Laboratory |
| Patients in Critical Care | Precise IV infusion management, continuous monitoring, rapid adjustments. | ICU, Pharmacy |
| Prescribing Physicians | Accurate order entry, adherence to protocols, patient assessment. | All Clinical Departments |
| Administering Nurses | Accurate medication administration, patient observation, documentation. | All Nursing Units |
| Pharmacists | Medication reconciliation, dispensing, therapeutic drug monitoring, education, protocol development. | Pharmacy |
| Laboratory Technicians | Accurate and timely analysis of samples for TDM. | Laboratory Services |
Target Customers and Departments for a Dose Management Program in Sao Tome and Principe
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- {"items":["Pharmacy Department: The central hub for medication management. Pharmacists are vital for medication reconciliation, dispensing accuracy, therapeutic drug monitoring, patient education, and developing DMP protocols. They will directly manage medication orders, identify potential drug-related problems, and collaborate with prescribers.","Clinical Departments (Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, etc.): Physicians and nurses within these departments are the primary prescribers and administrators of medications. Their active participation in understanding and adhering to DMP guidelines is essential for accurate order entry, monitoring patient response, and reporting adverse events.","Nursing Services: Nurses are on the front lines of patient care and medication administration. They need to be trained on specific DMP protocols, understand the importance of accurate dosing, and be vigilant in monitoring patients for efficacy and side effects. They are responsible for timely and accurate medication delivery.","Infectious Disease Unit / HIV/AIDS Clinics: Given the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, a DMP is critical for ensuring adherence to complex antiretroviral therapy regimens, managing drug interactions, and optimizing treatment effectiveness. Pharmacists and clinicians in these units will be key implementers.","Intensive Care Unit (ICU) / Critical Care Units: Patients in the ICU often receive potent medications requiring precise titration and continuous monitoring. A DMP can help prevent errors in complex infusions and ensure optimal drug delivery in life-threatening situations.","Laboratory Services: Essential for therapeutic drug monitoring, as the DMP will rely on laboratory results to adjust drug dosages for specific patients based on their individual metabolism and excretion rates.","Medical Records Department: Supports the DMP by ensuring accurate and complete patient medication histories, facilitating medication reconciliation, and providing data for program evaluation.","Hospital Administration / Management: Crucial for providing the necessary resources, support, and policy framework for the successful implementation and sustainability of the DMP. Their buy-in is essential for resource allocation and departmental cooperation."],"title":"Key Departments and Personnel"}
Dose Management Program Process In Sao Tome And Principe
The Dose Management Program in Sao Tome and Principe is a structured process designed to ensure the safe, effective, and appropriate use of medications. This workflow outlines the journey from an initial inquiry or need for dose management services to the complete execution and follow-up of the program. The program emphasizes patient safety, resource optimization, and adherence to clinical guidelines.
| Stage | Description | Key Activities | Responsible Parties | Tools/Resources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inquiry and Needs Assessment | The process begins when a need for dose management is identified, either proactively by healthcare providers or reactively by patient/family concerns or hospital-level quality improvement initiatives. | Identify patients at risk for medication-related harm; recognize the need for specialized dose management; understand program objectives and scope. | Healthcare Professionals (Doctors, Nurses, Pharmacists), Hospital Administration, Quality Improvement Teams | Clinical Guidelines, Hospital Policies, Patient Safety Reports |
| Patient Identification and Referral | Patients who meet specific criteria are identified and formally referred to the Dose Management Program. | Screening of patient populations (e.g., elderly, renal/hepatic impairment, polypharmacy, specific critical care units); formal referral process (electronic or paper); initial communication with patient/family. | Physicians, Nurses, Pharmacists, Clinical Pharmacists | Patient Charts, Electronic Health Records (EHR), Referral Forms, Communication Protocols |
| Initial Assessment and Data Collection | A comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medication regimen and relevant clinical data is conducted. | Review of medical history, current medications (prescription, OTC, herbal), allergies, renal/hepatic function, weight, lab results, patient's understanding of medications, social determinants of health. | Clinical Pharmacist, Physician, Nurse | EHR, Medication Reconciliation Forms, Laboratory Results, Patient Interview Guides |
| Dose Management Plan Development | Based on the assessment, a personalized dose management plan is created in collaboration with the healthcare team. | Identify drug-related problems; determine optimal dosing strategies; consider pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics; set therapeutic goals; establish monitoring parameters; document the plan. | Clinical Pharmacist, Physician | Pharmacology Textbooks, Drug Interaction Databases, Clinical Practice Guidelines, Decision Support Tools |
| Plan Implementation | The developed dose management plan is put into action, involving medication adjustments and patient education. | Communicate the plan to the healthcare team; dispense/administer adjusted doses; educate the patient and caregivers on new regimens, administration, and potential side effects; update EHR. | Pharmacist, Nurse, Physician, Patient/Caregiver | Prescription Orders, Medication Administration Records (MAR), Patient Education Materials, EHR |
| Monitoring and Evaluation | The patient's response to the adjusted doses is continuously monitored, and the effectiveness of the plan is evaluated. | Regularly check for therapeutic outcomes and adverse drug reactions; review laboratory parameters; assess patient adherence and understanding; collect feedback. | Nurse, Physician, Clinical Pharmacist, Patient/Caregiver | Vital Signs Monitoring, Laboratory Reports, Patient Diaries, Side Effect Reporting Forms |
| Dose Adjustment and Re-evaluation | If the patient's condition changes or the initial plan proves ineffective, the dose management plan is revised. | Analyze monitoring data; identify deviations from expected outcomes; re-assess patient's clinical status; adjust doses as needed; re-educate patient if necessary. | Physician, Clinical Pharmacist | EHR, Monitoring Data, Updated Clinical Guidelines, Decision Support Tools |
| Program Closure and Documentation | Once therapeutic goals are met and the patient is stable, or upon discharge/transfer, the dose management process is formally closed and documented. | Document all interventions and outcomes; communicate the final plan to the primary care physician; provide discharge medication reconciliation; store relevant records; conduct program evaluation. | Clinical Pharmacist, Physician | Dose Management Program Report, Discharge Summary, EHR, Archival Systems |
Dose Management Program Workflow Stages
- Inquiry and Needs Assessment
- Patient Identification and Referral
- Initial Assessment and Data Collection
- Dose Management Plan Development
- Plan Implementation
- Monitoring and Evaluation
- Dose Adjustment and Re-evaluation
- Program Closure and Documentation
Dose Management Program Cost In Sao Tome And Principe
Dose management programs, aimed at optimizing medication use and improving patient outcomes, are crucial in healthcare systems worldwide. In Sao Tome and Principe, the cost of such programs is influenced by a variety of factors, making precise pricing challenging without specific program details. These factors include the scope of the program (e.g., targeting specific chronic diseases, hospital-wide implementation), the technology employed (e.g., electronic health records with integrated dose management modules, barcode scanning systems, specialized software), the level of human resources required (e.g., pharmacists, nurses, IT support, data analysts), training and educational components for healthcare professionals, and ongoing maintenance and support costs. Furthermore, the local economic conditions, import duties on medical technology, and the specific pricing structures of pharmaceutical suppliers and technology vendors operating in the region all play a significant role. Given these variables, offering exact price ranges in Sao Tomean Dobra (STD) is difficult. However, we can outline the key pricing factors and provide hypothetical ranges based on general market understanding.
| Cost Component | Hypothetical Range (STD) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Software Licensing (Annual/Perpetual) | 100,000 - 500,000+ | Highly dependent on vendor, features, and number of users. Could be significantly higher for advanced systems. |
| Hardware (e.g., Scanners, Tablets) | 50,000 - 250,000 | Depends on the quantity and sophistication of devices needed. |
| Implementation & Integration Services | 150,000 - 750,000+ | Includes setup, customization, and integration with existing systems. Can be a significant one-time cost. |
| Staff Training & Capacity Building | 75,000 - 300,000 | Covers training for pharmacists, nurses, and IT personnel. Varies with the depth and duration of training. |
| Ongoing Support & Maintenance (Annual) | 50,000 - 200,000+ | Includes technical support, software updates, and system checks. Often a percentage of the initial software cost. |
| Dedicated Personnel (e.g., Program Coordinator, Analyst) | Variable - Monthly Salary | Costs depend on the number of staff, their roles, and local salary scales. This is an ongoing operational cost. |
Key Factors Influencing Dose Management Program Costs in Sao Tome and Principe
- Program Scope and Complexity
- Technology and Software Acquisition/Licensing
- Hardware Infrastructure (e.g., computers, scanners)
- Human Resources and Staffing
- Training and Capacity Building
- Implementation and Integration Costs
- Ongoing Maintenance and Support
- Local Economic Conditions and Exchange Rates
- Import Duties and Taxes
- Vendor Pricing and Negotiation
Affordable Dose Management Program Options
Navigating the complexities of medication costs can be a significant challenge for many individuals. Affordable Dose Management Programs offer crucial support by providing strategies and resources to make prescription medications more accessible. These programs aim to reduce out-of-pocket expenses for patients, ensuring they can adhere to their treatment plans without undue financial burden. Key components often include access to discounted medications, assistance with insurance navigation, and educational resources on managing chronic conditions and associated medication costs. Understanding the various options available can empower patients to take control of their healthcare expenses.
| Strategy | Description | Potential Savings |
|---|---|---|
| Value Bundles | These programs often package a set of services or medications at a predetermined price. For instance, a bundle might include a specific drug, a physician consultation, and diagnostic tests related to its use. This predictable pricing can simplify budgeting and may offer discounts compared to purchasing each component separately. They are particularly beneficial for managing chronic conditions where ongoing treatment is required. | Variable, but can offer significant savings due to bulk purchasing and integrated care. |
| Cost-Saving Strategies | These are diverse approaches aimed at reducing medication expenses. They can include utilizing generic alternatives, seeking out prescription discount programs, exploring manufacturer coupons, enrolling in patient assistance programs, and negotiating with healthcare providers for bundled services. Choosing the most appropriate strategy often depends on the specific medication, insurance coverage, and individual financial situation. | Can range from minor reductions to substantial savings, depending on the strategy and medication cost. |
| Generic Substitution | Opting for generic versions of brand-name drugs when available. Generics contain the same active ingredients and are just as effective but are typically much cheaper. | Often 50-80% lower than brand-name equivalents. |
| Manufacturer Patient Assistance Programs (PAPs) | Programs offered by pharmaceutical companies to help uninsured or underinsured patients access their medications at little to no cost. Eligibility often depends on income and insurance status. | Can provide free or heavily discounted medications. |
| Prescription Discount Cards/Apps | These programs offer discounts on prescription medications at participating pharmacies. They are available to everyone, regardless of insurance status. | Savings vary by medication and pharmacy, but can be substantial. |
| Mail-Order Pharmacies | Ordering medications through a mail-order service can sometimes offer lower prices and the convenience of home delivery, especially for maintenance medications. | Can offer a 10-25% discount compared to retail pharmacies. |
| Prior Authorization Review | Working with your doctor and insurance to obtain approval for certain medications before they are dispensed. While it may seem like an extra step, it can prevent the cost of an unapproved, expensive drug and guide you toward a covered, cost-effective alternative. | Prevents spending on non-covered or more expensive alternatives. |
Key Components of Affordable Dose Management Programs
- Prescription Discount Cards and Vouchers
- Manufacturer Patient Assistance Programs (PAPs)
- Pharmacy Benefit Manager (PBM) Programs
- State and Federal Assistance Programs (e.g., Medicaid, Medicare Extra Help)
- Mail-Order Pharmacy Options
- Generic Medication Substitution Guidance
- Chronic Condition Management Support
Verified Providers In Sao Tome And Principe
Navigating healthcare in a new country can be daunting. For residents and visitors in Sao Tome and Principe seeking reliable and high-quality medical services, identifying 'Verified Providers' is paramount. Franance Health stands out as a leading platform for connecting individuals with trusted healthcare professionals and facilities. Their rigorous credentialing process ensures that all listed providers meet stringent standards of expertise, ethical practice, and patient care, making them the best choice for your health needs.
| Provider Type | Franance Health Verification Status | Key Benefits of Choosing Verified |
|---|---|---|
| Hospitals & Clinics | Verified | Access to state-of-the-art facilities, adherence to safety protocols, comprehensive treatment options. |
| Specialist Doctors | Verified | Proven expertise in specific medical fields, continuous professional development, patient-centered care. |
| Diagnostic Laboratories | Verified | Accurate and reliable test results, utilization of advanced diagnostic technology, adherence to quality control standards. |
| Emergency Services | Verified | Rapid response times, trained medical personnel, well-equipped emergency units. |
Why Choose Franance Health Verified Providers?
- Rigorous Vetting Process: Franance Health employs a comprehensive verification system that goes beyond basic licensing. This includes checking qualifications, training, experience, and a clean disciplinary record.
- Commitment to Quality: Only providers demonstrating a consistent commitment to patient well-being and adherence to international healthcare best practices are accredited.
- Accessibility and Transparency: Franance Health provides clear and accessible information about each provider, including their specializations, affiliations, and patient reviews, empowering informed decisions.
- Local Expertise with Global Standards: Verified providers combine deep understanding of local health challenges with adherence to global medical standards.
- Peace of Mind: Knowing you are receiving care from a Franance Health verified provider offers invaluable peace of mind, ensuring you are in capable and trustworthy hands.
Scope Of Work For Dose Management Program
This document outlines the Scope of Work (SOW) for the development and implementation of a Dose Management Program. It details the technical deliverables expected and the standard specifications that will guide the project. The program aims to optimize radiation dose for diagnostic imaging procedures, ensuring patient safety and diagnostic image quality.
| Deliverable ID | Deliverable Name | Description | Standard Specification | Acceptance Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD-001 | Dose Management Strategy Document | A comprehensive document outlining the overall approach, goals, and methodology for dose optimization. | ISO 13485 (Quality Management Systems), ACR Practice Parameter for Justification and Optimization of Medical Radiation Exposure, local regulatory guidelines. | Approved by Radiation Safety Committee and key stakeholders. Clear articulation of achievable dose reduction targets. |
| TD-002 | Dose Reference Levels (DRLs) Report | Report defining DRLs for selected imaging modalities and procedures based on established benchmarks and site-specific data. | International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 103, national DRL guidance, peer-reviewed literature. | DRLs established for at least 80% of commonly performed procedures. Data sources clearly documented. |
| TD-003 | Dose Monitoring Software Module | Software to collect, analyze, and report radiation dose data from imaging equipment. | DICOM standards for radiation dose information, HL7 for data integration, HIPAA for patient data privacy, secure data storage protocols. | Successful integration with PACS/RIS. Real-time dose tracking and reporting capabilities. User-friendly interface. |
| TD-004 | Dose Reduction Protocol Guidelines | Evidence-based guidelines for adjusting imaging parameters (e.g., kVp, mAs, filtration, collimation) to reduce dose. | ACR Appropriateness Criteria, AAPM Task Group reports, manufacturer's recommended protocols, clinical best practices. | Protocols developed for at least 5 major imaging modalities. Protocols validated for diagnostic image quality. |
| TD-005 | Training Materials and Sessions | Development of educational materials and delivery of training sessions for radiologists, technologists, and physicists. | Adult learning principles, relevant professional certification requirements (e.g., ARRT, ARDMS), up-to-date radiation safety knowledge. | Comprehensive training modules covering program objectives and protocols. Documented attendance and post-training assessments. |
| TD-006 | Dose Audit and Performance Report | Regular reports detailing program effectiveness, identified trends, and areas for further improvement. | Statistical analysis methods, trending capabilities of the dose monitoring software, benchmarks for performance improvement. | Quarterly reports generated. Reports demonstrate quantifiable dose reduction trends and actionable recommendations. |
| TD-007 | Quality Assurance (QA) Plan for Dose Management | A plan outlining the procedures for ongoing quality assessment and improvement of the dose management program. | ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems), Six Sigma methodologies for process improvement, continuous quality improvement frameworks. | QA plan documented and approved. Regular QA activities scheduled and executed. |
Key Objectives of the Dose Management Program
- Establish baseline radiation dose metrics for common imaging procedures.
- Implement dose reduction strategies without compromising diagnostic image quality.
- Develop and deploy dose monitoring and reporting tools.
- Provide training and education to healthcare professionals on dose optimization.
- Ensure compliance with regulatory requirements for radiation safety.
Service Level Agreement For Dose Management Program
This Service Level Agreement (SLA) outlines the response times and uptime guarantees for the Dose Management Program (the "Program"). This SLA is an addendum to the Master Service Agreement (MSA) between [Your Company Name] ("Provider") and [Client Company Name] ("Client") dated [Date of MSA].
| Service Component | Uptime Guarantee | Response Time Target (Critical Incident) | Resolution Time Target (Critical Incident) | Response Time Target (Major Incident) | Resolution Time Target (Major Incident) | Response Time Target (Minor Incident) | Resolution Time Target (Minor Incident) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Program Availability (Excluding Scheduled Maintenance) | 99.9% | 15 minutes | 4 hours | 1 Business Hour | 8 Business Hours | 2 Business Hours | 2 Business Days |
| Support Ticket Response (During Business Hours) | Within [Number, e.g., 2] Business Hours |
Definitions
- Dose Management Program (Program): Refers to the software-as-a-service (SaaS) application and associated services provided by the Provider for optimizing drug dosages, managing patient treatment plans, and generating relevant reports.
- Downtime: Any period during which the Program is not available for use by the Client due to a failure of the Provider's systems or infrastructure, excluding Scheduled Maintenance.
- Scheduled Maintenance: Pre-announced periods when the Program may be unavailable for updates, upgrades, or maintenance. The Provider will provide at least [Number, e.g., 48] hours' advance notice for Scheduled Maintenance.
- Emergency Maintenance: Unscheduled maintenance required to address critical issues that pose an immediate threat to the Program's stability or security. The Provider will endeavor to provide as much advance notice as reasonably possible.
- Business Hours: [Specify Business Hours, e.g., 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM] [Specify Time Zone, e.g., Eastern Standard Time (EST)], Monday through Friday, excluding public holidays.
- Critical Incident: An event that renders the Program unusable or significantly impairs its core functionality, impacting a substantial number of Client users or critical business operations. Examples include inability to log in, inability to access patient data, or critical calculation errors.
- Major Incident: An event that impacts specific functionalities of the Program or a subset of Client users, causing significant inconvenience but not rendering the entire Program unusable. Examples include slow performance, issues with reporting generation, or non-critical data access problems.
- Minor Incident: An event that causes minimal disruption to the Program's functionality or affects a small number of Client users, with workarounds available. Examples include minor display issues or intermittent access problems to non-critical features.
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