Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) in Nigeria
Available Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Models

What Is Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis)?

A Water Treatment System for dialysis is a multi-stage purification unit that produces ultra-pure water, essential for conducting safe hemodialysis. It is used by biomedical engineers and dialysis nurses within hospitals and standalone renal care centers to prepare dialysate, the fluid that cleans a patient's blood. The system's critical function is to remove chemicals (like chlorine), minerals, bacteria, and endotoxins from city or borehole water, as these substances are toxic if they enter the bloodstream directly during treatment, leading to severe patient complications or death.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Price In Nigeria

The price for a dialysis water treatment system in Nigeria ranges from NGN 8 million for a basic portable Reverse Osmosis (RO) unit suitable for a single dialysis machine, to over NGN 50 million for a fully automated, centralized system with heat disinfection designed for a large 15-20 station dialysis center. The final cost is driven by the system's capacity (measured in Liters Per Hour), the method of disinfection (heat disinfection systems are more expensive than chemical), brand reputation (e.g., Fresenius, DWA), and the complexity of the pre-treatment and distribution loop required for your facility's specific water source. A comprehensive quote must include line-item costs for pre-treatment (water softener, carbon tanks), the RO unit itself, the distribution loop, installation, training, and a post-installation water analysis report to prove compliance with AAMI standards.

• Questions savvy buyers ask:

• What is the total installed cost, including all plumbing and electrical work?

• What are the projected annual costs for consumables like filters, membranes, and disinfection chemicals?

• Can you provide a water analysis report for a recent installation you completed in Nigeria?

• What is the system's water recovery rate, and what will my monthly water bill look like?

• Is your quoted price fixed or subject to foreign exchange fluctuations?

For a detailed, itemized quote tailored to your facility's water source and patient load, contact Franance.

Cheapest Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) In Nigeria

The cheapest, safe entry-point into dialysis water treatment is a refurbished, single-patient portable RO unit, which starts from NGN 5 million to NGN 7 million. These systems are designed to feed one or two dialysis machines and are adequate for a small-scale or startup clinic. However, the low upfront cost often comes with limitations such as a shorter warranty (typically 3-6 months), higher running costs if your raw water quality is poor (requiring frequent filter changes), and potential hidden costs for installation, plumbing, and mandatory water quality testing, which are rarely included in the base price.

• Before accepting the lowest quote:

• Demand a detailed report on the refurbishment process, specifying which components were replaced (e.g., membranes, pumps).

• Verify that the consumables (filters, membranes) for that specific model are readily and affordably available in Nigeria.

• Confirm the warranty period and exactly what it covers (parts, labour, travel).

• Ask for the total cost including delivery, installation, and commissioning by a certified engineer.

Always weigh the initial savings against the potential for higher long-term costs and increased downtime.

Affordable Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) In Nigeria

An affordable and value-driven solution is a complete package for a 2-to-4-station dialysis unit, which typically costs between NGN 15 million and NGN 25 million. This price includes a correctly sized central RO system, the necessary pre-treatment components (carbon and softener tanks), a basic PEX distribution loop, full turnkey installation, and initial training for your biomedical and nursing staff. Opting for a bundled solution like this from a single, competent vendor can reduce downtime by over 30% in the first year and lower your 12-month operational costs by preventing the expensive emergency repairs often associated with a poorly integrated, piecemeal setup.

• Bundle these for value:

• The core RO unit + Water Softener + Dual Carbon Tanks.

• Turnkey installation with all plumbing and electrical connections.

• A 12-month supply of essential consumables (pre-filters, test strips).

• On-site staff training and a post-installation water analysis report.

• A 12-month Service Level Agreement (SLA) with two preventative maintenance visits.

A well-structured bundle provides cost predictability and ensures all components work together seamlessly from day one.

New Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Price Vs Refurbished Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Price

A new dialysis water treatment system typically costs between NGN 12 million for a small system and NGN 50+ million for a large, advanced one, whereas a certified refurbished unit of similar capacity ranges from NGN 5 million to NGN 20 million, offering an upfront saving of 40-60%. New systems provide the latest technology, a full manufacturer's warranty of 1-2 years, and an expected operational lifespan of over 10 years. Refurbished systems have a much shorter lead time (often available in-country) but come with a limited warranty (6-12 months), a shorter remaining lifespan (5-7 years), and may lack the latest software or efficiency features.

| Feature | New System | Refurbished System |

| :--- | :--- | :--- |

| Price | NGN 12M - 50M+ | NGN 5M - 20M |

| Warranty | 1-2 years (Full) | 6-12 months (Limited) |

| Lifespan | 10+ years | 5-7 years |

| Lead Time | 8-16 weeks | 1-4 weeks |

| Technology | Latest features & efficiency | 3-5 years old technology |

| Uptime | Highest reliability | Good, but higher risk of component failure |

Choosing refurbished can be a smart way to start, but a new system offers better long-term reliability and lower operational risks.

Request Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Quote In Nigeria (Franance)

Contact Franance today for a transparent, multi-vendor quote on a dialysis water treatment system that meets your clinical needs and budget.

Where To Buy Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) In Nigeria (Suppliers)

You can buy dialysis water treatment systems from specialized medical equipment suppliers, who are primarily based in Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt. The most reliable way to find them is by checking the official websites of major manufacturers (like Fresenius Medical Care or DWA) for their listed Nigerian distributors, seeking referrals from chief biomedical engineers at major teaching hospitals, or using a verified procurement platform like Franance. Before engaging any supplier, you must verify their legitimacy by checking their CAC registration, demanding proof of OEM authorization, and asking for references from at least three hospitals where they have successfully installed and currently maintain similar systems.

Franance’s verification workflow automates this process by pre-vetting all listed suppliers. We check their corporate documents, confirm their technical team's OEM certifications, inspect their spare parts inventory, and collect performance reviews from their existing clients, ensuring you only engage with qualified and reliable partners.

• Documentation you must request:

• Certificate of Incorporation from the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC).

• A formal Letter of Authorization from the equipment manufacturer (OEM).

• Training certificates for their lead biomedical engineers from the OEM.

• Proof of at least three similar installations in Nigeria within the last five years.

• A copy of their Goods-in-Transit and Public Liability insurance policies.

Engage Franance to connect with pre-vetted, technically competent suppliers for your dialysis water treatment needs.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Suppliers In Nigeria — Checklist

• Corporate: Is the company registered with the CAC?

• Corporate: Do they have a physical office and workshop you can visit?

• Technical: Do they employ biomedical engineers certified by the OEM (e.g., Fresenius, DWA)?

• Technical: Do they have experience with your local water source (e.g., high-iron borehole water)?

• Service: Can they show you their inventory of critical spare parts in Nigeria?

• Service: Do they offer a 24/7 support line and a clear Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

• Documentation: Can they provide an official Letter of Authorization from the manufacturer?

• Documentation: Will they provide a post-installation water analysis report from an independent, accredited lab?

• Experience: Can they provide references from three other dialysis centers they support?

• Logistics: Do they have in-house experience with customs clearance for medical devices?

• Financial: Do they offer flexible payment terms or facilitate financing?

• Compliance: Do they understand NAFDAC and SON requirements for medical equipment?

Verified Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Supplier In Nigeria (Franance)

Franance is a verified supplier and procurement partner, offering a range of dialysis water treatment systems from leading global brands like Fresenius Medical Care, DWA, and Gambro, with service coverage across Nigeria including Lagos, Abuja, Kano, and Port Harcourt. We provide end-to-end project management, from initial water analysis and system design to installation, commissioning, and long-term maintenance, ensuring your facility gets a reliable and compliant system.

• Franance service stack:

• Needs Assessment: Free consultation and raw water analysis to determine the right system.

• Multi-Vendor Quoting: Transparent price comparisons from multiple vetted suppliers.

• Turnkey Installation: Management of all logistics, installation, and commissioning.

• Financing Facilitation: Connections to leasing and loan partners for equipment financing.

• After-Sales Support: Management of SLAs and consumable supply chains.

• Compliance Guarantee: Ensuring all documentation for SON and NAFDAC is in order.

Best Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) In Nigeria

The best systems are those that guarantee patient safety through consistent water quality and ensure facility profitability through high uptime and reasonable running costs. Top-tier recommendations include the Fresenius Medical Care AquaBplus series for small-to-medium clinics (2-6 stations) and the DWA Centurion series for larger hospitals (8+ stations), with prices ranging from NGN 18 million to NGN 60+ million. These brands are distinguished by their robust build quality, advanced automation, and, most importantly, strong local technical support networks in Nigeria.

• Entry-Tier (1-3 Stations): A portable RO unit like the Fresenius AquaC UNO is ideal. Its key spec is its all-in-one design and simple operation, perfect for small clinics or ICU settings.

• Mid-Tier (4-8 Stations): A duplex system like the Gambro CWP 100 or a smaller DWA configuration is best. The crucial feature here is redundancy (duplex pumps/membranes), which ensures the center can remain operational even during maintenance.

• Advanced-Tier (10+ Stations): A centralized system with automated heat disinfection, such as the Fresenius AquaHT or DWA Centurion 1500, is the gold standard. Its outcome-moving spec is the heat disinfection capability, which provides superior microbiological control and reduces staff reliance on chemical handling.

• How to match tier to workload:

• 1-5 patients per day: A single-patient or portable RO system is sufficient.

• 6-20 patients per day: A mid-tier, duplex central RO system is necessary for reliability.

• 20+ patients per day: An advanced-tier central system with heat disinfection and a well-designed distribution loop is required to maintain quality and uptime.

Compare Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Models In Nigeria

Comparing models requires looking beyond price to capacity (LPH), redundancy (duplex), and disinfection method (heat vs. chemical). For a 6-station clinic, you might compare a DWA 500 LPH system against a Fresenius AquaWTU. The DWA may offer more robust industrial components, while the Fresenius might have a more integrated user interface and stronger brand recognition. Your choice depends on whether you prioritize raw durability or user-friendliness and existing brand familiarity.

| Tier | Best for | Key Specs | Lead-time | Maintenance | Power |

| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |

| Entry | 1-2 station clinics, ICU | 80-120 LPH, Portable, Chemical Disinfect | 2-6 weeks | High filter usage | Single Phase, 3kVA UPS |

| Mid | 4-8 station clinics | 250-600 LPH, Duplex Pumps, Chemical Disinfect | 8-12 weeks | Bi-annual PM | 3-Phase, 10kVA UPS |

| Advanced | 10+ station hospitals | 750-2000+ LPH, Duplex, Heat Disinfect | 12-16 weeks | Quarterly PM, SLA | 3-Phase, 20kVA UPS |

Best Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Brand In Nigeria

Fresenius Medical Care, DWA, and Gambro (now part of Baxter) are the best and most reliable brands for dialysis water treatment in Nigeria. Fresenius is the market leader, offering a wide range of systems like the AquaBplus and AquaHT, backed by the most extensive service network in the country. DWA, a German manufacturer, is renowned for its exceptional engineering and durability, with systems built to withstand challenging operational environments. Gambro systems, particularly the CWP series, are known as workhorses and are widely used, though sourcing parts for older models can sometimes be challenging. The key advantage of these brands is not just the quality of the machine, but the availability of trained engineers and genuine spare parts within Nigeria.

• Brand evaluation questions:

• How many certified engineers for this brand are based in Nigeria?

• What is the average lead time for critical spare parts (e.g., RO membranes, pumps) for this brand?

• Can the supplier provide a reference from a facility using this brand for over 5 years?

• Is the software and user interface easy for my local staff to operate?

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Price List In Nigeria (Range Only)

• Portable/Single-Patient RO Systems: NGN 8,000,000 – NGN 15,000,000

• Central RO Systems (Chemical Disinfection, 4-8 Stations): NGN 18,000,000 – NGN 35,000,000

• Central RO Systems (Heat Disinfection, 10+ Stations): NGN 40,000,000 – NGN 70,000,000+

When reading a quote, ensure it clearly separates the cost of the core RO unit from pre-treatment, distribution loop, installation, and consumables. These ranges are indicative and can fluctuate by 10-20% based on foreign exchange rates at the time of purchase, freight costs, and the specific configuration required for your facility’s water quality. For example, a facility with high-hardness borehole water will incur higher costs for a more robust water softener compared to a facility on a municipal water line.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Specifications

The five most decisive specifications are Flow Rate, Disinfection Method, Redundancy, Water Recovery Rate, and AAMI/ISO Compliance.

1. Flow Rate (Liters Per Hour - LPH): This determines how many dialysis machines the system can support simultaneously. A typical dialysis machine requires about 30 LPH, so a 10-station center running concurrently needs a system producing at least 300 LPH, plus a 25% buffer.

2. Redundancy (Duplex vs. Simplex): A duplex system has two pumps or two sets of membranes, allowing one to run while the other is serviced. This is the single most important feature for preventing catastrophic downtime in a busy clinic. A simplex system has single components, meaning the entire center shuts down if a pump fails.

3. Disinfection Method (Heat vs. Chemical): Heat disinfection offers superior microbiological safety and automates a critical process, reducing human error. It has a higher upfront cost but lower long-term chemical and labor costs. Chemical disinfection is cheaper initially but requires rigorous staff protocol and ongoing purchase of disinfectants.

4. Water Recovery Rate: This indicates how much purified water is produced versus how much is sent to the drain. A system with a 75% recovery rate is far more efficient and will result in lower water bills than one with a 50% rate.

5. AAMI/ISO Standards Compliance: This is non-negotiable. The system must be certified to produce water that meets the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) or relevant ISO standards for hemodialysis water.

• Specs that change outcomes:

• Duplex Pumps: Guarantees your clinic never has to shut down completely for pump maintenance.

• Automated Heat Disinfection: Drastically reduces the risk of biofilm growth and patient-related infections.

• Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Pumps: Reduce electricity consumption by up to 30% and extend pump life.

• Integrated Endotoxin Filter: Provides a final barrier of protection for patient safety right before the distribution loop.

• Stainless Steel (316L) Distribution Loop: The gold standard for preventing contamination in the distribution piping, far superior to PEX or PVC for long-term microbiological safety.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Installation And Calibration In Nigeria

A standard turnkey installation of a central dialysis water treatment system in Nigeria takes 5 to 10 working days on-site and costs between NGN 500,000 and NGN 2,000,000, depending on the system's complexity and the readiness of your facility. The process begins with a thorough site survey to assess power, water supply, and drainage. The turnkey process involves plumbing the pre-treatment tanks, assembling the RO unit, running the distribution loop to each dialysis station, performing the initial system disinfection, and collecting water samples for analysis by an independent laboratory. The final, critical step is the calibration of all sensors and the training of your clinical and technical staff on operation and daily maintenance.

• Do not sign off until you have…

• A water analysis report from a reputable laboratory confirming the product water meets AAMI standards.

• A signed training register showing that your biomedical engineer and head nurse have been fully trained.

• A complete set of operator and service manuals for the system.

• A certificate of installation and commissioning signed by the OEM-certified engineer.

• A clear schedule for the first preventative maintenance visit.

Turnkey Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Installation In Nigeria (Franance)

Let Franance manage your entire project with our turnkey installation service, ensuring your system is installed to OEM standards by certified engineers, on time and within budget.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Delivery And Logistics In Nigeria

Delivery and logistics for a new system imported from Europe or the USA typically take 8 to 16 weeks from order confirmation to arrival at your facility. The associated costs, including international freight, insurance, customs duties, and local clearing/transport, can add a significant 25-40% to the ex-works price of the equipment. The process involves securing a Form M through the CBN's trade portal, obtaining a SONCAP certificate (if required), navigating customs clearance at the port (e.g., Apapa, Tincan), and managing the final, often challenging, last-mile delivery to your hospital or clinic via road, complete with insurance coverage.

• Logistics risk controls:

• Use a freight forwarder and clearing agent with documented experience in handling sensitive medical equipment.

• Insist on comprehensive "all-risk" marine and inland transit insurance that covers the full replacement value.

• Budget for potential port storage and demurrage charges as a contingency.

• Ensure the supplier provides adequate crating to protect the equipment during rough inland transit.

• Confirm all import documentation is perfectly aligned to avoid costly delays at customs.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Warranty And Service In Nigeria

A standard warranty for a new dialysis water treatment system is 12 months on parts and labour, while refurbished systems typically come with a 6-month warranty. This is mission-critical equipment, so a post-warranty Service Level Agreement (SLA) is essential, costing 5-10% of the equipment's value annually. A good SLA guarantees a 24-48 hour response time from a qualified engineer, includes two preventative maintenance (PM) visits per year, and covers the cost of labour for emergency repairs. Always clarify the difference between the OEM warranty (which covers part failure) and the local vendor's service commitment (which covers the engineer's time and travel).

• Warranty terms to insist on:

• A guaranteed engineer on-site response time (e.g., within 24 hours for Lagos, 48 hours for other cities).

• Inclusion of two mandatory preventative maintenance visits per year within the warranty period.

• A clear definition of what constitutes a "major failure" vs. a "minor failure" and the corresponding response protocol.

• Confirmation that the warranty is not voided by power fluctuations if you have the recommended UPS and stabilizer.

• A list of critical spare parts the vendor commits to stocking locally in Nigeria.

Refurbished Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) In Nigeria

Certified refurbished dialysis water treatment systems are available in Nigeria, with prices ranging from NGN 5 million to NGN 20 million. These are typically high-quality units from top brands like Fresenius and Gambro that are 3-5 years old and have been returned from facilities that upgraded. A proper refurbishment process includes a complete system teardown, replacement of all membranes, filters, and seals, pump testing, and a full recalibration to OEM specifications. Always demand documentation of the refurbishment process and a warranty of at least 6 months.

• Refurb proof points:

• A detailed service report from the refurbishment, listing all replaced parts.

• A post-refurbishment water analysis report showing the unit produces AAMI-standard water.

• A certificate of calibration for all sensors and monitors.

• Confirmation that the seller has the necessary spare parts and technical know-how to support the unit in Nigeria.

Original Vs Fake Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) - How To Verify In Nigeria

You can verify the authenticity of a system by demanding a Letter of Authorization from the supplier that links them directly to the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). Cross-reference the supplier's name on the OEM's official website or contact the OEM's regional headquarters to confirm. Another critical step is to validate the system's serial number with the manufacturer. While counterfeit full systems are rare due to their complexity, fake consumables like filters and membranes are a serious risk. Red flags include prices that are "too good to be true," packaging with spelling errors, and a supplier's inability to provide a verifiable chain of custody from the OEM.

• Spot counterfeit risk:

• The price is more than 30% lower than quotes from other reputable suppliers.

• The supplier operates from a residential address or has no verifiable track record.

• Consumables (filters, etc.) arrive in generic or poorly printed packaging.

• The supplier refuses to provide an official invoice or demands cash-only payment.

• The serial number on the machine does not match the number on the shipping documents.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Accessories & Consumables In Nigeria

The essential consumables for any dialysis water treatment system are sediment filters, carbon filters, RO membranes, and disinfection agents, with annual costs for a small 4-station unit ranging from NGN 1.5 million to NGN 4 million. The exact cost depends heavily on your raw water quality, system usage, and the frequency of disinfection. Other vital accessories include water softeners (and the salt they require), water testing kits for daily checks (e.g., chlorine, hardness), and endotoxin filters for the distribution loop. To ensure price stability and availability, it is strategic to bundle a one-year supply of all necessary consumables with the initial purchase of the main unit.

• Bundle with the main unit:

• A complete one-year set of pre-filters (sediment and carbon).

• Sufficient disinfectant chemical for the first 12 months of operation.

• A handheld water quality meter (TDS/conductivity).

• Daily test kits for total chlorine.

• The first replacement set of critical O-rings and seals.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Power Requirements In Nigeria

A central dialysis water treatment system requires a clean, stable, and dedicated 3-phase (380-415V) power supply. Given the unreliability of the grid in Nigeria, a 15-25 kVA online, double-conversion UPS is not optional; it is mandatory to protect the system's sensitive electronics (PLCs, sensors) from surges, dips, and outages. This UPS must be backed by a generator of at least 30 kVA to power the RO system, the dialysis machines, and clinic essentials during a grid failure. Furthermore, proper electrical earthing (grounding) is critical to prevent electrical noise from interfering with control panels and to ensure staff safety.

• Power readiness checks:

• Installation of a dedicated 3-phase circuit breaker for the RO system in your main distribution board.

• Verification of stable voltage at the point of installation (should not fluctuate more than +/- 5%).

• Confirmation of a proper earthing system with a resistance reading below 5 ohms.

• Sizing the generator to handle the inrush current when the RO system's high-pressure pump starts.

• Ensuring the UPS has enough battery autonomy (e.g., 15-30 minutes) to allow for a smooth transition to the generator.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Compliance In Nigeria

Compliance for a dialysis water treatment system in Nigeria involves two key areas: importation and clinical operation. For importation, the equipment must meet the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) requirements, which may involve obtaining a SONCAP certificate. For clinical operation, the system's output—the purified water—must consistently meet the microbiological and chemical standards set by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI), which is the global benchmark referenced by NAFDAC and the Federal Ministry of Health for patient safety. Proof of compliance is not a one-time event; it requires regular water testing and meticulous record-keeping.

• Compliance dossier items:

• SONCAP Certificate used for importation.

• Bill of Lading and Customs clearance documents (Form M, PAAR).

• The initial post-installation water analysis report from an accredited third-party laboratory.

• A logbook of monthly water quality tests for bacteria and endotoxin.

• A daily log of operational parameters (e.g., pressures, conductivity, chlorine checks).

• Calibration certificates for all system sensors, traceable to national standards.

Financing & Leasing For Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) In Nigeria

Financing options for acquiring a dialysis water treatment system include traditional bank loans, asset leasing from specialized financial institutions, and facilitated financing through partners like Franance. Bank loans typically require 20-30% equity contribution and significant collateral, with interest rates ranging from 20-30% per annum and a tenor of 2-5 years. Leasing offers faster approval (7-14 days) with less stringent collateral requirements but often comes with a higher effective interest rate. NGO-run facilities may also be eligible for grants or funding from international development partners.

• Finance questions to ask lenders:

• What is the total amount I will repay over the life of the loan/lease, including all fees?

• What are the specific collateral requirements?

• Is there a moratorium period before repayments begin?

• What is the penalty for early repayment of the loan?

• Does the financing cover the "soft costs" like installation, training, and a one-year SLA?

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) Total Cost Of Ownership (Tco) In Nigeria

The 5-year Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for a dialysis water treatment system is typically 2 to 3 times its initial purchase price. For a system acquired at NGN 20 million, you should budget an additional NGN 20 million to NGN 40 million over the next five years. This comprehensive cost includes the initial purchase (approx. 35% of TCO), consumables like filters and chemicals (40%), annual service contracts and repairs (15%), and utilities like water and electricity (10%). Underestimating TCO is a common mistake that can lead to a facility being "asset-rich but cash-poor," unable to afford the running costs to keep the life-saving equipment operational.

• TCO levers to manage:

• Invest in Efficiency: Choose a system with a high water recovery rate (>70%) to significantly reduce long-term water bills.

• Negotiate Consumables: Lock in a multi-year supply agreement for filters and membranes to hedge against inflation and FX volatility.

• Prioritize Power Protection: The cost of a good UPS is a fraction of the cost of replacing a fried PLC board.

• Sign an SLA: A service contract seems expensive, but it is cheaper than a week of downtime and lost revenue.

• Train Your Staff: Well-trained operators can perform daily maintenance that prevents costly breakdowns.

Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis) For Hospitals, Clinics & Ngos In Nigeria

Tertiary/teaching Hospital Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis)

For a high-volume tertiary hospital, the recommendation is a large-scale, duplex central RO system with automated heat disinfection, such as a DWA Centurion or Fresenius AquaHT. These systems are designed for 15-40+ dialysis stations, offering maximum reliability through full redundancy of critical components (pumps, controls). The key specification is the heat disinfection capability, which provides the highest level of microbiological safety, crucial in a setting with immunocompromised patients, and reduces the long-term reliance on and risks of chemical disinfectants.

Private Clinic/diagnostics Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis)

A private clinic with 4-10 dialysis stations should opt for a duplex central RO system with chemical disinfection, like the Gambro CWP 100 series or a mid-sized Fresenius system. The priority here is balancing cost, reliability, and scalability. A duplex configuration is non-negotiable to guarantee uptime and business continuity. While heat disinfection is ideal, a well-managed chemical disinfection protocol is a more cost-effective and perfectly safe solution for this scale of operation, provided staff are properly trained.

Ngo/mobile Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis)

NGOs or programs requiring mobile or rapid-deployment dialysis services should procure robust, all-in-one portable RO units like the Fresenius AquaC UNO or similar models. These "plug-and-play" systems integrate pre-treatment and the RO unit on a single, wheeled cart. Their key features are durability, simplicity of operation, and the ability to function with minimal infrastructure. They are designed to be set up quickly and can be run by a small generator, making them ideal for outreach programs or emergency response scenarios.

Emergency/theatre/icu Water Treatment Systems (Dialysis)

For acute dialysis (like CRRT) in an ICU, emergency room, or theatre setting, the best choice is a single-patient, portable RO unit. These compact systems are specifically designed for critical care environments. Their most important specifications are a small footprint, medical-grade casters for easy mobility between beds, and quiet operation. They provide a dedicated, validated source of ultra-pure water directly at the point of care, eliminating the risks associated with transporting water from a central system.