Standalone Capnographs in Nigeria
Available Standalone Capnographs Models

What Is Standalone Capnographs?

A standalone capnograph is a dedicated medical device that measures the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a patient's exhaled breath, known as end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2). It provides a real-time waveform and numerical value that tells clinicians like anaesthesiologists, intensivists, and paramedics exactly how well a patient is breathing and circulating blood. Unlike integrated modules in larger patient monitors, these units function independently, making them vital for procedural sedation in clinics, patient transport, emergency response, and in operating theatres or ICUs where a dedicated, portable ventilation monitor is required to prevent life-threatening respiratory events.

Standalone Capnographs Price In Nigeria

New entry-level standalone capnographs in Nigeria cost between NGN 3 million and NGN 6 million, mid-range models are priced from NGN 6 million to NGN 10 million, and advanced units with more features can exceed NGN 15 million. Certified refurbished models offer a significant discount, typically ranging from NGN 2.5 million to NGN 7 million. The final price you pay is driven by several factors beyond the unit itself. These include the brand reputation (e.g., Medtronic vs. a lesser-known brand), the specific technology (mainstream vs. sidestream), included accessories like sampling lines and adapters, and the costs of freight, customs clearance, and insurance. Crucially, your quote must also factor in installation, mandatory user training, and the length of the warranty, as a cheap unit with a short warranty and no local support can quickly become a very expensive problem. Fluctuations in the NGN/USD exchange rate can also impact the final landed cost by 10-20% between the time of quotation and final payment.

• Questions savvy buyers ask:

• Is the price inclusive of a 2kVA online UPS and stabilizer?

• What is the cost of a 3-year consumables pack (sampling lines, water traps, filters)?

• Does the quote include on-site installation and clinical applications training for at least two full days?

• What is the exact warranty period, and who provides the service—you (the supplier) or a third party?

• Can you provide a breakdown of costs: unit price, freight, customs, local delivery, and training?

• What is the lead time from letter of credit (LC) confirmation or advance payment to delivery at our facility?

For a detailed, line-item quote tailored to your facility's needs, contact Franance.

Cheapest Standalone Capnographs In Nigeria

Entry-level or professionally refurbished standalone capnographs start from NGN 2.5 million to NGN 4.5 million. These units provide essential EtCO2 monitoring with a basic waveform and alarms, making them suitable for low-acuity settings. However, the "cheapest" options often come with significant hidden costs and risks. They may have a limited 90-day or 6-month warranty, exclude critical accessories like a protective UPS, and require you to pay extra for installation, calibration, and freight from Lagos to your facility. These unbundled costs can add 20-30% to the initial price, turning a seemingly good deal into a poor investment.

• Before accepting the lowest quote:

• Verify the warranty is for a minimum of 12 months and covers both parts and labour.

• Confirm the price includes delivery to your hospital, not just to the port.

• Demand an official calibration certificate dated post-order.

• Ask for the total cost of a one-year supply of proprietary consumables (e.g., sampling lines, filters).

• Ensure the supplier has a qualified biomedical engineer in your region to provide support.

Contact Franance to get a quote for a safe, reliable, and genuinely affordable entry-level unit.

Affordable Standalone Capnographs In Nigeria

The most affordable and best-value option is a bundled package, typically priced between NGN 5 million and NGN 9 million. This package includes a reliable mid-range capnograph, a 2kVA online UPS, a starter pack of consumables for 6-12 months, turnkey installation, on-site user training, and a 12-month comprehensive warranty with one preventative maintenance visit. While the initial outlay is higher than the "cheapest" unit, this approach drastically reduces the 12-month cost of ownership. It prevents unexpected expenses from power damage (which can cost NGN 800,000+ to repair) and eliminates downtime, ensuring the device is always available for patient care.

• Bundle these for value:

• The Device: A reputable model like the Nonin RespSense II or a similar unit.

• Power Protection: A 2kVA pure sine wave online UPS.

• Consumables: A one-year supply of adult/paediatric sampling lines and water traps.

• Service: Turnkey installation, calibration, and a 12-month service level agreement (SLA).

• Training: On-site clinical and technical training for at least 5 staff members.

Contact Franance to configure a value-driven capnograph bundle for your facility.

New Standalone Capnographs Price Vs Refurbished Standalone Capnographs Price

A new mid-range standalone capnograph from a top brand like Medtronic or Philips costs between NGN 6 million and NGN 10 million, whereas a certified refurbished model of the same class costs between NGN 3.5 million and NGN 6 million, representing a 40-50% saving. New units come with the latest software, a full manufacturer's warranty (typically 1-2 years), and a longer expected lifespan of 7-10 years. Refurbished units, if sourced from a reputable vendor, are cosmetically and functionally restored to OEM standards, come with a shorter warranty (6-12 months), and have a remaining lifespan of 3-5 years. The lead time for new units can be 8-16 weeks, while refurbished models are often in-stock locally for faster delivery (2-4 weeks).

| Feature | New Standalone Capnograph | Certified Refurbished Standalone Capnograph |

| :--- | :--- | :--- |

| Price Range | NGN 6M - NGN 15M+ | NGN 3.5M - NGN 7M |

| Warranty | 12-24 months (OEM) | 6-12 months (Vendor) |

| Lifespan | 7-10 years | 3-5 years |

| Software | Latest version, upgradeable | May be 1-2 versions behind, not always upgradeable |

| Lead Time | 8-16 weeks (if not in stock) | 2-4 weeks (if in local stock) |

| Support | Full OEM and local partner support | Dependent on the refurbisher's capability |

Contact Franance to explore both new and certified refurbished options with transparent pricing.

Request Standalone Capnographs Quote In Nigeria (Franance)

Contact Franance today for a comprehensive, no-obligation quote for a standalone capnograph tailored to your clinical needs and budget.

Where To Buy Standalone Capnographs In Nigeria (Suppliers)

You can buy standalone capnographs from medical equipment suppliers primarily located in major commercial hubs like Lagos (specifically Ikeja, Surulere, and Victoria Island), Abuja (Wuse II, Garki), and Port Harcourt. However, simply finding a supplier is not enough; you must conduct a rigorous verification process. A credible supplier must be registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), have demonstrable OEM authorization or a strong distribution partnership, and employ certified biomedical engineers for installation and support. Franance simplifies this by providing a platform of pre-vetted suppliers, each having passed a multi-point verification workflow that includes checking their CAC documents, confirming their technical capabilities through engineer certifications, validating their OEM backing, and reviewing references from other Nigerian hospitals.

• Documentation you must request:

• Certificate of Incorporation from the CAC.

• Letter of Authorization from the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).

• Proof of recent (within 12 months) importation of similar equipment (e.g., Form M, Bill of Lading).

• CVs and certifications of their lead biomedical engineers.

• At least three verifiable references from Nigerian hospitals where they have installed the same or similar equipment.

• Proof of Goods-in-Transit insurance to cover delivery to your facility.

Let Franance connect you with verified suppliers who have already passed these checks.

Standalone Capnographs Suppliers In Nigeria — Checklist

• Corporate: Is the company registered with the CAC with up-to-date filings?

• Authorization: Do they have a direct, current Letter of Authorization from the capnograph manufacturer?

• Track Record: Can they provide references from three other hospitals (of similar size to yours) that have used their services in the last 24 months?

• Technical Staff: Do they have full-time, trained biomedical engineers on staff, or do they rely on freelancers?

• Test Equipment: Do they own their own CO2 gas analyzer and electrical safety tester for proper calibration and service?

• Spare Parts: Do they maintain a local inventory of critical spare parts and consumables (e.g., filters, water traps, sensors)?

• Service Level Agreement (SLA): Do they offer a clear SLA with guaranteed response times (e.g., 48 hours for on-site support)?

• Import Experience: Can they show evidence of successfully navigating Nigerian customs for medical devices?

• Insurance: Do they have Goods-in-Transit and Public Liability insurance?

• Training: Is their training conducted by a clinical specialist or just a technician?

• Financial Stability: Are they financially stable enough to honour a multi-year warranty?

• Documentation: Will they provide a complete handover dossier, including user manuals, service manuals, and calibration certificates?

Verified Standalone Capnographs Supplier In Nigeria (Franance)

Franance is a verified, end-to-end procurement partner for standalone capnographs, covering the entire lifecycle from sourcing and financing to installation and after-sales support across Nigeria. We operate a managed marketplace of pre-qualified vendors and provide a single point of contact for your facility, eliminating the risks of dealing with unvetted suppliers. Our service extends beyond simple supply to include project management, ensuring your device is delivered, installed, and compliant with all Nigerian regulations like SON and NAFDAC.

• Franance service stack:

• Vetted Suppliers: Access to a network of suppliers who have passed our rigorous technical and corporate verification.

• Transparent Quoting: Receive multiple, comparable, line-item quotes without the hassle of negotiating with each vendor.

• Financing Solutions: Flexible leasing and financing options to acquire equipment without a large upfront capital outlay.

• Logistics Management: We handle all import documentation, customs clearance, and insured last-mile delivery.

• Turnkey Installation: Coordination of site readiness, installation by certified engineers, and performance verification.

• Compliance Assurance: Ensuring all equipment meets SON and NAFDAC standards with proper documentation.

Best Standalone Capnographs In Nigeria

The best standalone capnographs for most Nigerian facilities are mid-range models like the Medtronic Capnostream™ 35 or the Philips Capnostream™ 20n, which balance advanced features, durability, and cost, typically priced between NGN 6 million and NGN 10 million. For facilities with tighter budgets, entry-level workhorses like the Nonin RespSense II offer excellent reliability. For tertiary centres or ICUs requiring advanced connectivity and data integration, high-end models like the Masimo Rad-97 with NomoLine capnography are the top-tier choice, though they come at a premium price. The "best" device is ultimately the one that matches your clinical needs, budget, and the local availability of service and consumables.

• How to match tier to workload:

• Entry-Tier (e.g., Nonin RespSense II): Best for private clinics, procedural sedation, and emergency rooms where basic, reliable EtCO2 spot-checking or short-term monitoring is the primary need.

• Mid-Tier (e.g., Medtronic Capnostream 35): Ideal for general hospitals, operating theatres, and ICUs. These offer robust continuous monitoring, clear waveforms, and data trending capabilities suitable for most clinical scenarios.

• Advanced-Tier (e.g., Masimo Rad-97): Recommended for teaching hospitals, specialized ICUs, and research facilities that require integrated monitoring (SpO2, etc.), advanced data analysis, and network connectivity to an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system.

Compare Standalone Capnographs Models In Nigeria

Comparing standalone capnograph models involves matching their EtCO2 measurement technology, data capabilities, and durability to your specific clinical environment. The primary choice is between sidestream technology, which pulls a gas sample to the unit for analysis (common in non-intubated patients), and mainstream technology, where the sensor is placed directly in the breathing circuit (common for intubated patients in theatre/ICU). You must also compare warm-up times, battery life for portability, and the recurring cost of proprietary consumables.

| Tier | Best for | Key Specs | Lead-time | Maintenance | Power |

| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |

| Entry | Private clinics, ER | Sidestream, >4hr battery, basic alarms | 2-6 weeks | Annual calibration | 1.5kVA UPS |

| Mid | General Hospitals, Theatre | Sidestream/Mainstream option, 6-8hr battery, data trending, clear waveform | 6-12 weeks | Bi-annual PM, annual calibration | 2kVA UPS |

| Advanced | Teaching Hospitals, ICU | Mainstream, integrated SpO2, network connectivity, advanced algorithms | 8-16 weeks | Bi-annual PM, annual calibration, software updates | 2kVA UPS |

Best Standalone Capnographs Brand In Nigeria

Medtronic, Philips, and Masimo are the best brands for standalone capnographs in Nigeria because of their proven clinical reliability, established local service networks, and consistent availability of genuine consumables. Medtronic, with models like the Capnostream™ 35, is widely regarded as a gold standard for its durable hardware and accurate Microstream™ technology. Philips offers robust devices like the Capnostream™ 20n, backed by a strong support presence in Lagos and Abuja. Masimo, while a premium option, provides cutting-edge technology with its NomoLine™ capnography, ideal for complex patient monitoring in high-acuity settings. Choosing one of these brands ensures you are not just buying a device, but also investing in a support ecosystem that can keep it running for years.

• Brand evaluation questions:

• Does the brand have an official, authorized service centre in Nigeria?

• How long has their primary distributor been operating in the country?

• What is the average cost of common consumables (e.g., a box of 25 sampling lines)?

• Can they guarantee spare parts availability for at least 7 years after purchase?

• Do they offer certified clinical application training, not just technical setup?

Standalone Capnographs Price List In Nigeria (Range Only)

Standalone capnograph prices in Nigeria fall into three main tiers: entry-level portable units range from NGN 3 million to NGN 6 million, mid-range bedside units for general use are priced between NGN 6 million and NGN 10 million, and advanced models with integrated features and network capabilities range from NGN 10 million to NGN 15 million or more. When you receive a quote, understand that these are range-based estimates. The final price will be influenced by the specific configuration, the NGN/USD exchange rate at the time of order, and the inclusion of essential services like a UPS, installation, and training. For example, a quote for a mid-range unit might be NGN 8.5 million, but this could increase by 15% if the exchange rate worsens or if you require delivery and installation in a remote location. Always confirm if the price is "landed" (inclusive of all costs to your facility) or just for the device itself.

Standalone Capnographs Specifications

The five most decisive specifications are the CO2 measurement technology, warm-up time, sampling rate, battery life, and alarm capabilities. Sidestream technology with a low sampling rate of 50 mL/min is crucial for use on non-intubated and paediatric patients without affecting their breathing. A warm-up time of less than 15 seconds is critical for emergency situations, allowing for immediate use. For portability and use during power outages, a minimum battery life of 4-6 hours of continuous operation is non-negotiable. The device must have adjustable, audible, and visual alarms for high/low EtCO2, apnea, and no-breath detection to ensure patient safety. Finally, a clear, high-resolution TFT display of at least 5 inches is essential for easily viewing the CO2 waveform (capnogram) from a distance.

• Specs that change outcomes:

• Measurement Technology: Sidestream for versatility (non-intubated patients), Mainstream for precision (intubated patients).

• Warm-up Time: Full specification accuracy in <15 seconds for emergency readiness.

• Sample Flow Rate (Sidestream): 50 mL/min ±10 mL/min to be safe for neonates and adults.

• Battery Life: Minimum 4 hours of continuous monitoring for transport and power failures.

• Data Interface: USB or Ethernet port for data export and potential EMR integration.

• Ingress Protection (IP) Rating: At least IPX2 rating for protection against drips and spills in a clinical environment.

Standalone Capnographs Installation And Calibration In Nigeria

A standard installation and calibration for a standalone capnograph in Nigeria takes 2-4 hours on-site and costs between NGN 150,000 and NGN 400,000, depending on location and the complexity of the device. A turnkey process begins with a site readiness check to ensure stable power and a suitable location. The supplier's certified engineer will then unbox, perform an electrical safety test, and connect the device to a dedicated online UPS. The most critical step is performance verification and calibration using a certified medical gas canister (containing a known CO2 concentration) to ensure the readings are accurate. The process concludes with comprehensive user training for clinical staff and a documented handover, including the calibration certificate.

• Do not sign off until you have…:

• A signed installation report from the engineer.

• A printed or digital calibration certificate with traceability to a known standard.

• An electrical safety test report.

• User and service manuals (in English).

• A training attendance sheet signed by your staff.

• The direct contact number for the service engineer.

Turnkey Standalone Capnographs Installation In Nigeria (Franance)

Let Franance manage your entire installation process, from site assessment to final handover, ensuring your capnograph is set up correctly and safely by certified professionals.

Standalone Capnographs Delivery And Logistics In Nigeria

Delivery timelines for standalone capnographs to a Nigerian facility range from 4 to 8 weeks for air freight and 10 to 16 weeks for sea freight, a period that includes manufacturing lead time, shipping, and the often-unpredictable customs clearance process at the port in Lagos. The cost of logistics, including freight, insurance, and customs duties, can add 25-40% to the ex-factory price of the unit. The process involves securing a Form M through the CBN's trade portal, obtaining SONCAP certification prior to shipping, and managing the complex clearing process with customs (NCS), NAFDAC, and SON at the port. A reliable supplier or a logistics partner like Franance is essential to manage this paperwork and prevent costly delays or seizures.

• Logistics risk controls:

• Insist on comprehensive "warehouse-to-warehouse" cargo insurance.

• Use a supplier with a dedicated, experienced clearing agent.

• Confirm that the SONCAP certificate is obtained before the goods are shipped.

• Budget for potential port storage (demurrage) fees in case of clearance delays.

• Ensure the final quote is a "landed cost" to your hospital, making the supplier responsible for all logistics.

Standalone Capnographs Warranty And Service In Nigeria

A standard warranty for a new standalone capnograph in Nigeria is 12 months for parts and labour, but you should always negotiate for a 24-month comprehensive service level agreement (SLA). It is critical to clarify whether the warranty is provided by the local vendor or the OEM, as vendor warranties are only as good as the vendor's stability. A strong SLA should guarantee a 48-hour maximum response time for on-site service, include two preventative maintenance (PM) visits per year, and specify the availability of loaner units if a repair is expected to take longer than five business days. Some advanced systems offer remote diagnostics, allowing engineers to troubleshoot issues over the internet, which can significantly reduce downtime.

• Warranty terms to insist on:

• Minimum 12-month comprehensive coverage on all parts, including sensors.

• A written Service Level Agreement (SLA) with a 48-hour on-site response time.

• Inclusion of at least one preventative maintenance and calibration visit within the warranty period.

• A "loaner unit" clause for repairs lasting more than 5 working days.

• Confirmation that the warranty is backed by the OEM, not just the local supplier.

Refurbished Standalone Capnographs In Nigeria

Certified refurbished standalone capnographs from top-tier brands like Medtronic, Philips, or Masimo are available in Nigeria and typically cost between NGN 3.5 million and NGN 7 million. This represents a 40-50% cost saving compared to new units, making them a viable option for facilities with limited budgets. It is crucial to distinguish between "used" and "certified refurbished." A properly refurbished unit has been professionally disassembled, cleaned, repaired, and calibrated to meet original manufacturer specifications by a trained technician. They should be sold with a warranty (typically 6-12 months) and a detailed service report.

• Refurb proof points:

• Service Report: Request a detailed report outlining all the work done on the unit.

• Calibration Certificate: A valid, recent calibration certificate is non-negotiable.

• Warranty: Do not accept less than a 6-month warranty from the refurbisher.

• Cosmetic Condition: The unit should be in excellent cosmetic condition (Grade A), indicating it was well-cared for.

• Consumables: Confirm the availability and cost of compatible consumables.

Original Vs Fake Standalone Capnographs - How To Verify In Nigeria

To verify the authenticity of a standalone capnograph, you must check the unit's serial number directly with the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) through their official website or regional office before making payment. Red flags for counterfeit or fake devices include an unusually low price (e.g., 50% below the market average for a new unit), packaging with spelling errors or low-quality printing, and the absence of official documentation like a manufacturer's certificate of conformity. Another major warning sign is a supplier who is hesitant to provide their import documents or cannot produce a formal letter of authorization from the brand they claim to represent. Always inspect the device for quality of construction; fakes often use cheaper plastics and have poorly fitting components.

• Spot counterfeit risk:

• The price is "too good to be true."

• The supplier is not listed as an official partner on the OEM's website.

• The unit and its packaging have different serial numbers.

• The user manual is poorly translated or photocopied.

• The supplier insists on cash payments and provides no formal invoice.

• The device lacks regulatory markings (like CE, FDA).

Standalone Capnographs Accessories & Consumables In Nigeria

The essential accessories and consumables for a standalone capnograph are the patient sampling lines, water traps, and filters, with annual running costs ranging from NGN 300,000 to NGN 800,000 depending on patient volume and the specific model. Sampling lines (nasal cannulas for non-intubated patients, airway adapters for intubated patients) are typically single-use items. Water traps and filters prevent moisture and contaminants from damaging the device's internal sensor and require regular replacement (e.g., monthly or per patient, depending on the type). It is strategically wise to bundle the purchase of a one-year supply of these consumables with the main unit to lock in the price and ensure you do not face stockouts.

• Bundle with the main unit:

• Sampling Lines: 1 box of adult nasal cannulas, 1 box of paediatric.

• Airway Adapters: 1 box for intubated circuits.

• Water Traps/Filters: A one-year supply based on the manufacturer's replacement schedule.

• Mounting Bracket: A roll-stand or bed-rail mounting clamp.

• Carrying Case: For portable use and protection.

Standalone Capnographs Power Requirements In Nigeria

Standalone capnographs require a stable 220-240V, 50Hz power supply and must be protected by a 1.5kVA to 2kVA pure sine wave online UPS. The power consumption of the device itself is low (typically 30-60 watts), but the UPS is not for runtime—it is to protect the sensitive electronics from the constant voltage spikes, sags, and frequency fluctuations common in the Nigerian power grid. An online UPS provides clean, regenerated power, completely isolating the capnograph from grid instability. Proper electrical earthing at the wall outlet is also mandatory to ensure patient and operator safety and prevent equipment damage.

• Power readiness checks:

• Is the designated wall outlet properly earthed? (Verified by an electrician).

• Is there a dedicated 2kVA online UPS for the device? (A simple surge protector is not enough).

• Does the UPS have new batteries (not older than 2 years)?

• Is the facility's generator capable of supporting the load during a power outage?

• Confirm the plug type (UK Type G is standard) to avoid using unsafe adapters.

Standalone Capnographs Compliance In Nigeria

To be compliant in Nigeria, your standalone capnograph must have a Standards Organisation of Nigeria Conformity Assessment Programme (SONCAP) certificate issued before it is shipped to the country. Upon arrival, the device must be registered with the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) as a Class II or III medical device. Your supplier is responsible for managing this entire process and must provide you with copies of all compliance documents. Furthermore, for clinical compliance, the device must be calibrated annually, and a record of this calibration must be kept in a logbook for accreditation and legal purposes.

• Compliance dossier items:

• Copy of the SONCAP Certificate for the shipment.

• Copy of the NAFDAC registration certificate or permit.

• Certificate of Conformity from the manufacturer.

• User and Service Manuals in English.

• A valid, post-installation Calibration Certificate.

Financing & Leasing For Standalone Capnographs In Nigeria

Financing for standalone capnographs is available through commercial bank loans, which typically require significant collateral and have interest rates of 25-30% per annum. A more accessible option is leasing through specialized asset financing companies, which may offer better terms over a 24-36 month period. The most integrated solution is through a procurement partner like Franance, which provides embedded financing and lease-to-own options tailored for healthcare equipment. This route often has faster approval times (7-14 days) and requires less cumbersome paperwork than traditional banks. For NGOs, funding is often secured through grants, which require detailed proposals and quotes.

• Finance questions to ask lenders:

• What is the effective annual interest rate, including all fees?

• What is the required down payment or collateral?

• What is the tenure of the loan/lease (e.g., 24, 36 months)?

• Are there penalties for early repayment?

• Does the financing cover the "landed cost," including installation and training, or just the device price?

Standalone Capnographs Total Cost Of Ownership (Tco) In Nigeria

The 5-year Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for a mid-range standalone capnograph is approximately 1.8 to 2.5 times its initial purchase price. If you buy a unit for NGN 8 million, expect to spend an additional NGN 6.4 million to NGN 12 million over five years. This total cost includes the initial purchase, the essential online UPS (NGN 300k-500k), annual consumables (NGN 500k-800k per year), annual calibration and service contracts after warranty (NGN 250k-400k per year), and potential repairs or sensor replacements (which can cost NGN 1M+). Factoring in TCO from the start helps you choose a device with affordable consumables and a reliable service plan, rather than just the cheapest initial price.

• TCO levers to manage:

• Negotiate a 2-year warranty: This eliminates service costs for the first 24 months.

• Bundle consumables: Purchase a 2-3 year supply of consumables upfront to lock in the price.

• Invest in a quality UPS: Prevents costly power-related damage, the number one cause of failure.

• Staff Training: Proper use and care by trained staff reduces damage and extends the life of accessories.

• Choose brands with local support: Avoids expensive international shipping for repairs.

Standalone Capnographs For Hospitals, Clinics & Ngos In Nigeria

Tertiary/teaching Hospital Standalone Capnographs

For a tertiary or teaching hospital, the recommendation is an advanced, network-capable standalone capnograph like the Masimo Rad-97 or a high-end Medtronic Capnostream model. These units, priced from NGN 10 million upwards, offer superior data integration capabilities to connect with EMRs, high-fidelity waveforms for research and teaching, and options for multi-parameter monitoring (like SpO2). The ability to use both mainstream and sidestream sampling methods is crucial for versatility across the ICU, operating theatre, and other high-acuity environments.

Private Clinic/diagnostics Standalone Capnographs

A private clinic focused on procedural sedation (e.g., endoscopy, dental surgery) should opt for a reliable and easy-to-use mid-range sidestream capnograph like the Nonin RespSense II or a similar model, priced between NGN 4 million and NGN 7 million. The key features are a fast warm-up time, a clear display with a stable waveform, and loud, unambiguous alarms for apnea and high/low EtCO2. Portability and a long battery life (4+ hours) are essential for moving the device between procedure rooms.

Ngo/mobile Standalone Capnographs

NGOs and mobile clinics require a highly durable, portable, and battery-powered standalone capnograph. The ideal choice is a ruggedized, compact model designed for field use, often found in the NGN 3.5 million to NGN 6 million range. Specifications must include a minimum 6-hour battery life, a shock-resistant casing, a simple user interface for rapid deployment by diverse staff, and low-flow sidestream sampling to conserve consumables. The device must be able to withstand transport over rough terrain and function reliably on generator or battery power.

Emergency/theatre/icu Standalone Capnographs

For emergency, theatre, and ICU settings, the primary requirement is speed, reliability, and clarity. A mid-to-high-range model like the Medtronic Capnostream 35 is ideal, costing between NGN 7 million and NGN 10 million. It must have a warm-up time of under 15 seconds, a very clear capnogram for assessing waveform shape (e.g., for bronchospasm), and robust alarms. For the operating theatre and ICU, a mainstream option for intubated patients is highly preferable for its accuracy and immediate response time. The device must be easy to mount on a ventilator or anaesthesia machine.