Verified Service Provider in Egypt
Histopathology & Cytology in Egypt
Engineering Excellence & Technical Support
Histopathology & Cytology solutions for Clinical & Diagnostic Labs. High-standard technical execution following OEM protocols and local regulatory frameworks.
AI-Powered Cancer Detection
Implementing cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence algorithms for enhanced accuracy and speed in detecting cancerous cells in histopathology slides and cytological samples across Egypt's leading medical institutions.
Advancements in Molecular Pathology
Pioneering molecular pathology techniques in Egypt, enabling personalized cancer treatment by identifying genetic mutations and biomarkers from tissue and cell samples.
Nationwide Telepathology Network
Establishing a robust telepathology network to connect remote healthcare facilities in Egypt with expert pathologists, ensuring timely and high-quality diagnostic services for all citizens.
What Is Histopathology & Cytology In Egypt?
Histopathology and Cytology are diagnostic disciplines within anatomical pathology that examine tissues and cells, respectively, under microscopic magnification to identify abnormalities, particularly neoplastic and inflammatory processes. Histopathology involves the macroscopic and microscopic examination of excised tissues (biopsies and surgical resections) to diagnose disease. Cytology focuses on the examination of individual cells or small clusters of cells exfoliated from body surfaces or collected via aspiration, commonly from fluids (e.g., effusions, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) or fine needle aspirates (FNAs) from palpable lesions.
| Discipline | Primary Sample Type | Key Diagnostic Goal | Common Modalities |
|---|---|---|---|
| Histopathology | Tissue Biopsy (incisional, excisional, punch), Surgical Resection | Diagnosis of disease at the tissue architecture and cellular level, tumor grading, staging, assessment of margins | Grossing, tissue processing, paraffin embedding, microtomy, H&E staining, special stains, immunohistochemistry |
| Cytology | Exfoliated cells (Pap smears, urine, fluids), Fine Needle Aspirates (FNA) | Screening for malignancy, preliminary diagnosis, identification of infectious agents, non-neoplastic cellular changes | Smear preparation, cytocentrifugation, liquid-based cytology, Papanicolaou stain, Giemsa stain |
Key Components and Applications
- Histopathology:
- Sample Acquisition: Biopsies (incisional, excisional, punch, shave, endoscopic), surgical resections, post-mortem examinations.
- Processing: Fixation (e.g., formalin), grossing (macroscopic description and selection of tissue sections), tissue processing (dehydration, clearing, infiltration with paraffin wax), embedding in paraffin blocks, microtome sectioning (producing thin tissue slices, typically 3-5 micrometers).
- Staining: Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) is the standard stain. Special stains (e.g., Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Masson's Trichrome, Immunohistochemistry (IHC)) are employed for specific cellular components, pathogens, or tumor markers.
- Microscopic Examination: Pathologists analyze stained slides to identify cellular morphology, architecture, inflammatory infiltrates, and evidence of malignancy (e.g., nuclear atypia, loss of differentiation, invasion).
- Reporting: Comprehensive reports detailing macroscopic findings, microscopic observations, diagnosis, and prognostic indicators.
- Cytology:
- Sample Acquisition: Exfoliative cytology (Pap smears, urine cytology, sputum cytology, effusions), fine needle aspiration (FNA) of palpable masses or guided by imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI).
- Preparation: Cytological preparations include smears (direct or wet-fixed), cytocentrifugation (for better cell concentration and preservation), and liquid-based cytology (LBC) methods.
- Staining: Papanicolaou (Pap) stain is standard for gynecological and non-gynecological cytology. Other stains like Giemsa or Diff-Quik may be used for specific applications.
- Microscopic Examination: Cytopathologists evaluate cellular morphology, arrangement, and background elements for the presence of neoplastic, pre-neoplastic, or inflammatory changes.
- Reporting: Concise reports indicating cellularity, inflammatory components, and presence or absence of abnormal cells, often with grading or classification (e.g., Bethesda System for thyroid FNA).
- Who Needs It:
- Oncologists and Surgeons: For definitive diagnosis, staging, and guiding treatment decisions for suspected or confirmed cancers.
- Gastroenterologists, Pulmonologists, Urologists, Gynecologists, Dermatologists, etc.: For diagnosing inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions affecting their respective organ systems.
- Radiologists: For characterizing lesions identified on imaging and guiding biopsies.
- Infectious Disease Specialists: For identifying infectious agents within tissues or cellular samples.
- General Practitioners: For initial evaluation of suspicious lesions or masses.
- Patients: Undergoing diagnostic workups for various symptoms and signs suggestive of underlying disease.
- Typical Use Cases:
- Cancer Diagnosis and Staging: Confirming the presence of malignancy, determining tumor type, grade, and extent of invasion.
- Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases: Diagnosing conditions such as appendicitis, gastritis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and various infections.
- Screening Programs: Cervical cancer screening (Pap smears), bladder cancer screening (urine cytology).
- Monitoring Treatment Response: Evaluating residual disease or recurrence after therapy.
- Differential Diagnosis: Differentiating benign conditions from malignant ones.
- Etiological Investigation: Identifying causative agents in suspected infections.
- Dermatological Assessment: Diagnosing skin lesions.
- Endocrine Gland Evaluation: Assessing nodules in the thyroid or adrenal glands via FNA.
Who Needs Histopathology & Cytology In Egypt?
Histopathology and cytology are indispensable diagnostic tools in modern healthcare, playing a critical role in the accurate diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning of a wide range of diseases, particularly cancer. In Egypt, the demand for these specialized laboratory services is driven by a growing healthcare sector, an increasing prevalence of chronic and oncological diseases, and a commitment to improving patient outcomes. Therefore, a diverse range of customers and hospital departments rely heavily on histopathology and cytology services for definitive diagnoses.
| Customer/Department | Primary Need for Histopathology/Cytology | Examples of Specimens | Impact on Patient Care |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oncologists & Oncology Centers | Definitive cancer diagnosis, tumor grading, staging, and monitoring treatment response. | Biopsies (surgical, needle), resections, fine needle aspirates (FNAs), effusions. | Tailoring chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy; determining prognosis. |
| General Surgeons (all specialties) | Diagnosis of resected tissues to confirm presence/absence of disease and determine surgical margins. | Tumor excisions, incidental findings during surgery, lymph node biopsies. | Guiding further surgical intervention, preventing recurrence, ensuring complete removal of disease. |
| Gastroenterologists | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies, inflammatory bowel diseases, and pre-cancerous lesions. | Endoscopic biopsies (esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum), FNAs of pancreatic or liver lesions. | Early detection of GI cancers, effective management of inflammatory conditions, risk stratification. |
| Pulmonologists | Diagnosis of lung cancer, opportunistic infections, and interstitial lung diseases. | Bronchial biopsies, transbronchial biopsies, CT-guided lung biopsies, pleural fluid cytology. | Accurate diagnosis for targeted treatment of lung conditions, identifying infectious etiologies. |
| Gynecologists & Obstetricians | Diagnosis of cervical dysplasia, endometrial hyperplasia, ovarian tumors, and reproductive tract infections. | Cervical smears (Pap tests), endometrial biopsies, ovarian cyst aspirations, hysterectomy specimens. | Screening for cervical cancer, diagnosis of gynecological malignancies, fertility assessment. |
| Urologists | Diagnosis of prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney tumors, and testicular lesions. | Prostate biopsies (TRUS-guided), bladder biopsies, cystoscopy specimens, nephrectomy specimens. | Early detection of urological cancers, guiding treatment strategies for various genitourinary conditions. |
| Dermatologists | Diagnosis of skin cancers (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma), benign skin lesions, and inflammatory dermatoses. | Punch biopsies, shave biopsies, excisional biopsies of skin lesions. | Accurate classification of skin lesions, guiding appropriate surgical or medical management. |
| Radiologists | Providing tissue samples for definitive diagnosis through image-guided procedures. | Ultrasound-guided FNAs, CT-guided core biopsies, stereotactic mammography-guided biopsies. | Minimally invasive diagnostics, enabling early detection and characterization of lesions. |
| Hematologists | Diagnosis of leukemias, lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes, and other blood disorders. | Bone marrow biopsies, lymph node biopsies, peripheral blood smears (cytology). | Accurate classification of hematological malignancies, guiding treatment and prognosis. |
| Public & Private Hospitals/Clinics | Providing comprehensive diagnostic services to a broad patient population. | All specimen types across all departments. | Ensuring accessible and reliable diagnostic capabilities for the Egyptian populace. |
Target Customers & Departments in Egypt Requiring Histopathology & Cytology Services
- Oncologists and Oncology Centers
- General Surgeons (all specialties)
- Gastroenterologists
- Pulmonologists
- Gynecologists & Obstetricians
- Urologists
- Dermatologists
- Pathologists (as referring physicians to specialized labs)
- Radiologists (for image-guided biopsies)
- Hematologists
- Nephrologists
- Emergency Departments
- Research Institutions & Universities
- Private Diagnostic Laboratories (for referral services)
- Public Health Sector Hospitals
- Private Hospitals & Specialized Clinics
Histopathology & Cytology Process In Egypt
The histopathology and cytology process in Egypt, as in many other countries, involves a series of steps from the initial patient inquiry or referral to the final diagnostic report. This workflow ensures accurate tissue or cell analysis for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. The process is generally standardized across laboratories, although specific equipment, reagents, and internal protocols may vary. The journey begins with the specimen collection and ends with the pathologist's interpretation and reporting.
| Step | Description | Key Activities | Personnel Involved | Common Challenges/Considerations in Egypt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The process starts with obtaining a tissue sample (biopsy, surgical resection) or cellular material (cytology sample). The specimen is then received by the laboratory. | Biopsy/cytology sample acquisition (clinic/OR), proper labeling, patient identification, cold chain maintenance (if needed), initial registration in the lab information system (LIS). | Clinicians (surgeons, endoscopists, GPs), nurses, laboratory technicians. | Inadequate sample size or quality, improper fixation (delays in formalin immersion), mislabeling, delayed transport to the lab, patient identification discrepancies. |
| The received tissue sample is examined visually, measured, and described. It is then prepared for further processing. | Macroscopic description (size, color, consistency, presence of lesions), selection of representative areas for processing, dissection, placement into cassettes, immersion in fixative (usually formalin). | Pathologists, histotechnicians. | Variability in grossing technique, ensuring all parts of the specimen are examined, sufficient formalin penetration, handling of delicate or large specimens. |
| Cellular samples (e.g., from fine needle aspirations, Pap smears) are processed and stained to make them suitable for microscopic examination. | Smear preparation, liquid-based cytology preparation, centrifugation, staining (e.g., Papanicolaou stain for gynecological samples, Romanowsky stains for non-gynecological samples). | Cytotechnologists, histotechnicians. | Artifacts from preparation, uneven cell distribution, inadequate cell yield, proper staining quality. |
| The fixed tissue is processed through a series of dehydration and clearing steps to be embedded in a solid medium (paraffin wax). Thin slices (sections) are then cut. | Dehydration (using increasing concentrations of alcohol), clearing (using xylene or similar agents), infiltration with paraffin wax, embedding in paraffin blocks, microtome sectioning (cutting thin slices, typically 3-5 micrometers). | Histotechnicians. | Incomplete dehydration or clearing leading to poor wax infiltration, air bubbles in blocks, uneven section thickness, knife chatter, damaged blocks. |
| The tissue sections or cytology preparations are stained to highlight cellular and architectural features, making them visible under the microscope. Coverslips are then applied. | Deparaffinization, rehydration, various staining techniques (e.g., Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for routine histology, special stains for specific components, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for specific markers), dehydration, clearing, mounting with coverslips. | Histotechnicians, cytotechnologists. | Over- or under-staining, non-specific staining, poor quality mounting leading to artifacts or detachment of coverslips, errors in special stains or IHC protocols. |
| A pathologist examines the stained slides under a microscope to identify any abnormalities, diagnose the condition, and determine its grade and stage. | Review of stained slides, identification of cellular morphology, tissue architecture, presence of malignancy, inflammation, infection, or other pathological processes, correlation with clinical information. | Pathologists (histopathologists and cytopathologists). | Subjectivity in interpretation, need for experienced pathologists, availability of subspecialists, potential for diagnostic errors due to artifacts or challenging cases. |
| A detailed report is generated based on the microscopic findings, including the diagnosis, significant observations, and recommendations. This report is communicated to the referring clinician. | Dictation or typing of the final report, inclusion of macroscopic and microscopic descriptions, diagnosis, ancillary test results (e.g., IHC), clinical correlation, and signature of the pathologist. | Pathologists, secretarial staff. | Timeliness of reporting, clarity and completeness of the report, potential for misinterpretation by the clinician, effective communication channels. |
| Prepared slides, paraffin blocks, and reports are stored for future reference, legal purposes, quality control, and research. | Systematic organization and storage of slides, blocks, and reports in designated areas. Records management. | Laboratory technicians, archivists. | Space limitations for archiving, maintaining the integrity of stored materials over time, efficient retrieval systems. |
Histopathology & Cytology Workflow in Egypt
- Specimen Collection & Reception
- Gross Examination & Tissue Processing (Histopathology)
- Cytology Preparation & Staining
- Tissue/Cell Embedding & Sectioning (Histopathology)
- Slide Staining & Mounting
- Microscopic Examination & Diagnosis
- Reporting & Communication
- Archiving
Histopathology & Cytology Cost In Egypt
The cost of histopathology and cytology services in Egypt can vary significantly based on several factors. These factors influence the final price you'll encounter when seeking these diagnostic tests. Understanding these elements can help you budget and anticipate expenses. The ranges provided are approximate and can fluctuate. It's always recommended to get a precise quote from the specific laboratory or hospital you plan to use.
| Service Type | Typical Price Range (EGP) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Cytology (e.g., Pap Smear, Fluid Cytology) | 300 - 700 EGP | Includes microscopic examination and basic interpretation. May exclude collection fees if done separately. |
| Histopathology (Biopsy - Small Sample) | 500 - 1200 EGP | For a single, small tissue sample, including processing, staining (H&E), and pathologist's report. |
| Histopathology (Biopsy - Larger/Multiple Samples) | 800 - 2000+ EGP | Cost increases with the size and number of tissue fragments. Multiple blocks may incur additional charges. |
| Special Stains (Per Stain) | 150 - 400 EGP | Additional cost per special stain requested for specific diagnostic purposes. |
| Immunohistochemistry (Per Marker) | 400 - 1000+ EGP | More complex technique, price varies significantly based on the marker and antibody used. |
| Exfoliative Cytology (e.g., Sputum, Urine) | 300 - 600 EGP | Analysis of cells shed from internal surfaces. |
| Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology | 400 - 800 EGP | Includes aspiration and microscopic examination. May not include interventional imaging guidance. |
| Frozen Section (Intraoperative) | 600 - 1500+ EGP | Rapid analysis during surgery. Can be more expensive due to urgency and specialized equipment. |
Factors Influencing Histopathology & Cytology Costs in Egypt:
- Type of Sample: The complexity and size of the tissue or cell sample being analyzed directly impact the cost. Larger or more numerous samples generally incur higher fees.
- Type of Test/Stain: Standard H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) stains are typically the most common and cost-effective. Special stains (e.g., for specific microorganisms, immunoperoxidase stains for markers) are more specialized and thus more expensive.
- Complexity of Diagnosis: The pathologist's expertise and the time required for detailed examination and interpretation are crucial. Simple findings will be less costly than complex diagnoses requiring extensive microscopic review or consultation.
- Laboratory/Hospital Accreditation & Reputation: Established, well-equipped laboratories with a strong reputation and advanced technology may charge more than smaller or less-equipped facilities.
- Geographic Location: Prices might differ slightly between major cities like Cairo and Alexandria compared to smaller towns, reflecting local operational costs and demand.
- Inclusion of Consultations: Whether the price includes a consultation with the pathologist to discuss the findings can also affect the overall cost.
- Urgency of Results: While less common for routine histopathology, if a rapid turnaround time is required, there might be an additional surcharge.
- Insurance Coverage: For patients with health insurance, the out-of-pocket cost will depend on their specific policy and the extent of coverage provided by their insurance company.
Affordable Histopathology & Cytology Options
Finding affordable histopathology and cytology services is crucial for many healthcare providers and patients. Beyond just comparing individual test prices, understanding value bundles and implementing cost-saving strategies can lead to significant savings and improved overall value. Value bundles often consolidate multiple services, offering a fixed price that can be more predictable and economical than paying for each component separately. Cost-saving strategies involve proactive measures to reduce unnecessary testing, optimize workflows, and leverage technology.
| Cost-Saving Strategy | Description | Potential Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Value-Based Bundling | Combining multiple related services (e.g., biopsy, staining, review) into a single package at a negotiated price. | Predictable costs, potential discounts, simplified billing. |
| Volume Discounts | Negotiating lower per-unit costs with labs based on the anticipated volume of tests. | Reduced cost per test for high-volume providers. |
| Appropriate Test Ordering | Educating clinicians on guidelines and avoiding unnecessary or redundant tests. | Reduced lab expenses, prevention of over-servicing. |
| Telepathology Utilization | Using digital imaging and remote consultation for diagnoses. | Reduced travel costs, faster turnaround times, wider access to specialists. |
| Outsource Specialized Testing | Partnering with labs that excel in specific niche or complex analyses, rather than investing in in-house equipment. | Access to specialized expertise and technology without significant capital investment. |
Key Strategies for Affordable Histopathology & Cytology
- Understand Value Bundles: These packages typically combine diagnostic procedures, such as biopsy processing, slide preparation, staining, and expert pathologist review, for a single, often discounted, price.
- Negotiate with Labs: Don't hesitate to discuss pricing, especially for high-volume providers. Labs may offer tiered pricing, volume discounts, or custom packages.
- Explore Telepathology: For remote consultations or second opinions, telepathology can reduce travel costs and turnaround times, potentially lowering overall expenses.
- Implement Appropriate Utilization: Ensure that tests are ordered only when medically necessary. Educate clinicians on diagnostic criteria and the value of specific tests to avoid overutilization.
- Leverage EHR Integration: Integrate laboratory ordering and reporting into Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to streamline workflows, reduce errors, and improve data management, indirectly saving costs.
- Consider In-House vs. Outsource Analysis: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of performing certain basic analyses in-house versus outsourcing to specialized labs. Factors include equipment costs, staffing, and expertise.
- Focus on Quality and Accuracy: While cost is important, prioritize labs with a strong track record of accuracy and timely results. Errors can lead to costly retesting and patient harm.
- Seek Out Regional or Smaller Labs: Sometimes, smaller or regional laboratories may offer more competitive pricing than large national chains, especially if they have lower overheads.
- Utilize Reflex Testing Wisely: For certain initial tests, reflex testing automatically performs additional analyses if specific criteria are met. This can be cost-effective if the likelihood of needing the follow-up test is high.
- Patient Assistance Programs: For uninsured or underinsured patients, inquire about lab-specific financial assistance or patient advocacy groups that can help navigate costs.
Verified Providers In Egypt
In Egypt's rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, identifying reliable and high-quality healthcare providers is paramount for individuals and families seeking optimal well-being. Franance Health stands out as a distinguished entity, meticulously curating and verifying a network of healthcare professionals and institutions. This commitment to rigorous credentialing ensures that every provider listed under the Franance Health umbrella adheres to the highest standards of medical expertise, ethical practice, and patient-centered care. Choosing Franance Health's verified providers means opting for peace of mind, knowing you are in the hands of qualified and trusted professionals.
| Provider Type | Franance Health Verification Focus | Key Benefits for Patients |
|---|---|---|
| Physicians | Medical school accreditation, board certifications, peer reviews, clinical experience, malpractice history | Access to highly qualified specialists, accurate diagnoses, effective treatment plans, trusted medical advice. |
| Hospitals & Clinics | Accreditation status (e.g., JCI, ISO), facility standards, equipment quality, patient safety protocols, infection control measures | Safe and well-equipped medical facilities, comprehensive care services, reduced risk of complications, positive patient outcomes. |
| Diagnostic Laboratories | Laboratory accreditation, technology and equipment standards, quality control procedures, turnaround times | Accurate and reliable test results, timely diagnostic information, informed treatment decisions. |
| Specialized Treatment Centers (e.g., Rehab, Mental Health) | Program accreditation, staff qualifications, treatment methodologies, patient outcomes data | Evidence-based therapies, personalized treatment plans, supportive environments, successful recovery journeys. |
Why Franance Health Verified Providers Represent the Best Choice:
- Uncompromising Quality Assurance: Franance Health employs a stringent vetting process, including thorough background checks, verification of licenses and certifications, and assessment of professional experience.
- Commitment to Ethical Standards: All verified providers must demonstrate adherence to strict ethical guidelines and patient confidentiality protocols.
- Access to Specialized Expertise: Our network encompasses a diverse range of medical specialties, ensuring you can find the right expert for your specific health needs.
- Patient-Centric Approach: We prioritize providers who demonstrate a genuine commitment to understanding and addressing individual patient concerns and preferences.
- Streamlined Healthcare Navigation: Franance Health simplifies the process of finding and connecting with trusted healthcare professionals in Egypt.
- Continuous Performance Monitoring: We conduct ongoing evaluations to ensure our listed providers maintain their high standards of care.
Scope Of Work For Histopathology & Cytology
This Scope of Work (SOW) outlines the requirements for Histopathology and Cytology services, including technical deliverables and standard specifications. The aim is to ensure high-quality diagnostic services that meet established clinical and scientific standards.
| Section | Description | Key Deliverables/Specifications |
|---|---|---|
| Histopathology Services | Processing and analysis of tissue samples to diagnose diseases. | Gross examination, tissue processing, embedding, sectioning, staining (H&E, special stains), immunohistochemistry, frozen sections, digital pathology imaging, final diagnostic report. |
| Cytology Services | Examination of individual cells or small clusters of cells for diagnostic purposes. | Sample collection and preparation (e.g., ThinPrep, SurePath), staining (Papanicolaou, Romanowsky), microscopic examination, ancillary testing (e.g., immunocytochemistry, molecular testing), final diagnostic report. |
| Technical Deliverables | The tangible outputs and services provided by the vendor. | Accurate and timely diagnostic reports (within defined turnaround times). High-quality stained slides and cell preparations. Digital images of stained slides (where applicable). Data management and secure storage of case files and images. Maintenance and calibration records for all equipment. |
| Standard Specifications | The quality benchmarks and requirements for all procedures and materials. | Adherence to CAP (College of American Pathologists) or equivalent accreditation standards. Use of CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) certified laboratories. Proficiency in standard staining techniques and interpretation. Compliance with all relevant regulatory requirements (e.g., HIPAA). Use of approved reagents and consumables meeting quality standards. Qualified and certified personnel (pathologists, cytotechnologists, histotechnologists). |
Key Areas of Service
- Histopathology Services
- Cytology Services
- Technical Deliverables
- Standard Specifications
Service Level Agreement For Histopathology & Cytology
This Service Level Agreement (SLA) outlines the performance standards and guarantees for Histopathology and Cytology services provided by [Your Company Name]. It defines the expected response times for various service requests and the guaranteed uptime for critical systems and processes.
| Service Category | Priority Level | Response Time Guarantee (Business Hours) | Uptime Guarantee (Monthly) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Accessioning & Tracking | Critical | 15 minutes | 99.9% |
| Slide Preparation & Staining | Critical | 30 minutes (for urgent requests) | 99.9% |
| Digital Slide Viewing & Analysis | Critical | 15 minutes | 99.9% |
| Laboratory Information System (LIS) Access | Critical | 15 minutes | 99.9% |
| Report Generation & Delivery | High | 1 hour | 99.5% |
| General Inquiries & Support | Medium | 2 business hours | N/A |
| System Maintenance (Scheduled) | N/A | Advance notification required (minimum 48 hours) | N/A |
Key Definitions
- {"title":"SLA Commencement Date","description":"The date on which this SLA becomes effective."}
- {"title":"Critical System Downtime","description":"The total elapsed time in a calendar month during which a Critical System is unavailable."}
- {"title":"Critical System","description":"Any system or process directly involved in the delivery of Histopathology and Cytology services, including but not limited to LIS (Laboratory Information System), digital pathology viewers, and sample accessioning systems."}
- {"title":"Response Time","description":"The maximum allowable time from the initiation of a service request to the point where [Your Company Name] has acknowledged and begun working on the request."}
- {"title":"Resolution Time","description":"The maximum allowable time from the initiation of a service request to the point where the issue is resolved or a satisfactory workaround is provided."}
In-Depth Guidance
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