Personal Radiation Protection
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Lead Aprons & Shields are personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to protect healthcare workers, patients, and technicians from harmful, scattered ionizing radiation during medical procedures that use X-rays, such as fluoroscopy, radiography, CT scans, and interventional procedures. They are used daily by radiologists, radiographers, cardiologists, surgeons, and other clinical staff working in radiology departments, catheterization labs, operating theatres, and intensive care units. Their primary clinical impact is the significant reduction of the cumulative radiation dose received by personnel, which directly lowers the long-term risk of developing radiation-induced health issues like cancer and cataracts.
Prices for radiation protection equipment in Nigeria range from NGN 80,000 - NGN 250,000 for standard frontal lead aprons, NGN 150,000 - NGN 450,000 for full wrap-around aprons, and NGN 500,000 - NGN 2,500,000 or more for large mobile shields. The final price is driven by several factors, including the core material (traditional lead vs. lighter, more expensive composite or lead-free alternatives), the lead equivalency rating (0.25mm, 0.35mm, or 0.5mm Pb), the brand reputation (e.g., Kiran, Infab, Bar-Ray), and the specific type of shield. Additional costs such as international freight, customs duties, and foreign exchange rates significantly influence the landed cost in Nigeria. When requesting a quote, ensure it itemizes the apron, any included accessories like thyroid collars, warranty terms, and delivery costs to your facility.
For a detailed, tailored quote based on your facility's specific needs, contact Franance.
The cheapest, safest options are basic frontal aprons with 0.25mm or 0.35mm Pb equivalency, typically costing between NGN 80,000 and NGN 150,000. These are almost always made from heavier, traditional lead-vinyl material, which can cause significant fatigue and musculoskeletal strain for staff who wear them for extended periods. Be aware of hidden costs; the lowest-priced aprons often do not include a thyroid collar, which is an essential piece of protection and must be purchased separately. Warranty on these entry-level models is often limited to one year and may not cover wear and tear on the outer fabric.
To ensure you get a safe and compliant apron without overpaying, contact Franance for a vetted, cost-effective quote.
The most affordable and best-value options are bundles that include a lightweight composite frontal apron (0.5mm Pb), a matching thyroid collar, and a proper apron storage rack, with set prices typically ranging from NGN 200,000 to NGN 380,000. While the initial cost is higher than the cheapest apron, this approach significantly lowers your 12-month costs. A lightweight apron reduces staff fatigue, which is linked to higher productivity and fewer work-related injuries. More importantly, using a storage rack prevents cracks in the internal lead lining, potentially extending the apron's safe, usable life by 30-50% and delaying a costly replacement.
Contact Franance to configure an affordable, high-value radiation protection bundle for your team.
New lead aprons range from NGN 80,000 to NGN 450,000+, while used or "refurbished" lead aprons are not sold in the professional market and should be avoided at all costs. The concept of a "refurbished" lead apron is a dangerous misnomer. Unlike electronic equipment, the integrity of a lead apron cannot be reliably restored. Used aprons carry an unknown history and a high risk of invisible micro-cracks or material degradation that renders them ineffective, exposing your staff to direct radiation hazards. New aprons provide a manufacturer's warranty, a guaranteed level of protection certified by the OEM, and compliance with NNRA regulations.
| Feature | New Lead Apron | Used Lead Apron |
|---|---|---|
| Safety | Guaranteed protection as per tag | Compromised; high risk of cracks |
| Warranty | 1-2 year manufacturer warranty | None |
| Compliance | Meets NNRA standards | Fails NNRA audit requirements |
| Lifespan | Full 5-7 year expected lifespan | Unknown; potentially zero |
| Price | NGN 80k - 450k+ | Deceptively low, but infinite risk |
For guaranteed safety and compliance, always procure new, certified lead aprons through a trusted supplier like Franance.
Contact Franance today for a consolidated quote on certified lead aprons, shields, and accessories from Nigeria's top suppliers.
Reputable suppliers of lead aprons and shields are primarily located in Nigeria's commercial centres—Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt—and are best identified through professional referrals from major teaching hospitals or by using a verified procurement platform like Franance. Before engaging any supplier, you must conduct due diligence. Verify their Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) registration and ask for an authorization letter or proof of partnership from the equipment's original manufacturer (OEM), such as Kiran, Infab, or Bar-Ray. Request at least two references from other Nigerian hospitals they have recently supplied. Franance streamlines this by pre-vetting all network suppliers, verifying their import history, NNRA compliance record, and in-country stock levels to ensure you only deal with credible vendors.
Contact Franance to connect with verified, compliant suppliers of radiation protection equipment in Nigeria.
Franance provides your facility with immediate access to a nationwide network of pre-vetted suppliers of authentic, compliant lead aprons and shields. We handle the entire due diligence process, ensuring you receive competitive pricing, transparent logistics, and products that meet all NNRA safety standards, covering all major cities from Lagos to Kano.
The best lead aprons provide an optimal balance of high-level protection (0.5mm Pb equivalency), low weight (using lightweight composite or lead-free materials), and ergonomic design to minimize staff fatigue. Top-tier recommendations include models from Infab’s Revolution series, Bar-Ray’s Comfort-Lite aprons, and Kiran’s Zero-Lead series, with prices for these premium options typically ranging from NGN 250,000 to NGN 500,000+.
Entry-Tier (Low Use): For areas with infrequent radiation use like dental clinics, a standard lead-vinyl frontal apron (0.35mm Pb) is sufficient.
Mid-Tier (Daily Use): For general radiology departments, a lightweight lead composite frontal apron (0.5mm Pb) like the Kiran Prestige offers a great balance of protection, comfort, and price.
Advanced-Tier (Long Procedures): For cath labs, interventional radiology, and operating theatres where staff wear aprons for hours, an ultra-lightweight, lead-free, wrap-around apron (e.g., Infab Revolution) is the best choice to prevent chronic back and shoulder strain.
How to match tier to workload:
Comparing models requires looking beyond price to the core material, weight, protection level, and design, as these factors directly impact user safety and comfort. A heavy, ill-fitting apron will not be worn correctly, compromising safety, while a lightweight, ergonomic model encourages compliance and reduces long-term health risks for your staff.
| Tier | Best for | Core Material | Weight (Approx.) | Lead-time (In-stock) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entry | Dental, Low-use areas | Standard Lead-Vinyl | 6 - 8 kg | 2-5 days |
| Mid | General Radiology | Lightweight Lead Composite | 4 - 6 kg | 2-5 days |
| Advanced | Cath Lab, Theatre | Ultra-lightweight Lead-Free | 3 - 5 kg | 4-8 weeks (if not in stock) |
Globally recognized brands like Kiran, Infab, and Bar-Ray are the best and most reliable choices available in Nigeria, each offering distinct advantages. Kiran is widely regarded for providing an excellent balance of quality, protection, and cost-effectiveness, making it a popular choice for many Nigerian facilities. Infab and Bar-Ray are premium brands known for their market-leading lightweight materials and ergonomic designs, making them the top choice for high-volume departments and interventional suites where staff comfort is paramount. The best brand for your facility depends on your budget and the specific clinical application.
The following are indicative price ranges for new, certified radiation protection equipment in Nigeria. These prices are for planning purposes only and will vary based on brand, exact specifications, order volume, and prevailing foreign exchange rates.
When you receive a quote, confirm if the price is "Landed" or "Ex-Works." A landed price should include the cost of the item, shipping, customs clearance, and local delivery. Always assume prices will be affected by FX volatility and international freight costs until you have a locked-in proforma invoice.
The 5-6 most decisive specifications that impact clinical safety, user comfort, and long-term value are Lead Equivalency, Core Material, Weight, Design Type, and Outer Fabric.
Proper implementation of lead aprons involves a three-part process: correct initial sizing and fitting for all staff, comprehensive training on daily care and storage, and establishing a mandatory annual inspection and testing protocol. There is no physical installation. Sizing must be done using the manufacturer's specific measurement charts to ensure there are no gaps in coverage around the torso and shoulders. Staff must be trained to hang aprons on designated, approved racks immediately after use; folding an apron will cause the internal lead to crack and must be strictly forbidden. Your facility's Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) must implement an annual inspection program that includes a visual check for tears and a fluoroscopic scan to detect internal cracks.
Contact Franance to manage the entire procurement process, from sourcing and sizing guidance to supplying the appropriate storage racks for your new lead aprons.
Delivery of lead aprons from international manufacturers via air freight typically takes 4 to 8 weeks, a timeline that includes production, shipping, and Nigerian customs clearance. Local suppliers who hold stock in Lagos or Abuja can often deliver to your facility within 2 to 5 business days. When ordering, it is critical to confirm that the supplier is handling all import permits, customs duties, and inland logistics. Your quote should be on a Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) basis, meaning the price includes delivery to your hospital's doorstep, protecting you from unforeseen clearance costs or delays at the port.
Standard manufacturer warranties for lead aprons typically cover defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one to two years. This includes issues like faulty buckles, seam splitting, or premature material degradation. However, the warranty is almost always voided by improper use or storage. Specifically, any damage, such as cracks in the internal lead lining caused by folding the apron, is not covered. There are no "repair" services for a compromised lead apron; once the protective core is cracked, the apron must be taken out of service and replaced immediately. Service, therefore, revolves around your internal program of proper care, storage, and annual inspection.
Old lead aprons should be replaced according to the manufacturer's recommended lifespan, typically every 5-7 years, or immediately if they fail an inspection. There is no safe "refurbished" or "second-hand" market for lead aprons. You must always buy new to guarantee protection. The integrity of an apron must be checked annually by your Radiation Safety Officer or a trained radiographer. This involves a thorough visual inspection for any tears, holes, or stiffness, followed by a fluoroscopic or radiographic examination. To do this, lay the apron flat on the X-ray table and use a low kVp setting to scan its entire surface. Cracks, holes, or thinning in the lead will appear as dark lines or patches, indicating the apron is compromised and must be disposed of.
You can verify the authenticity of a lead apron by ensuring it has a permanently affixed, professionally printed manufacturer's tag and by purchasing exclusively from authorized distributors of reputable brands. The tag is the most critical feature; it must clearly state the brand name (e.g., Kiran, Infab), the model, the exact lead equivalency (e.g., 0.5mm Pb Eq Frontal), the manufacturing date, and a serial number. Be highly suspicious of aprons with missing, hand-written, or poorly printed tags. The most significant red flag is an unusually low price, as authentic radiation protection materials are expensive. If a deal seems too good to be true, the apron is likely fake or non-compliant and offers little to no real protection.
The most essential accessories, which should be considered mandatory, are thyroid shields (collars), leaded eyewear, radiation-attenuating gloves for interventionalists, and mobile or wall-mounted storage racks. These items are not optional extras; they are integral components of a comprehensive radiation safety program. Thyroid shields protect the highly sensitive thyroid gland, and leaded glasses protect the eye lenses from radiation that can cause cataracts. It is always more cost-effective and efficient to procure these accessories as a bundle with your main apron order. A proper storage rack is the single most important accessory for maximizing the lifespan of your aprons.
Lead aprons require no power but have strict storage and maintenance requirements to ensure their protective integrity. They must be stored by hanging them on specially designed, wall-mounted or mobile racks that support their weight without causing stress. Aprons must never be folded, creased, or dumped in a pile. Folding creates sharp angles that will crack the internal lead-vinyl sheets, creating "hot spots" where radiation can pass through freely. For maintenance, the outer surface should be regularly wiped down with a mild detergent or an approved disinfectant wipe, as per the manufacturer's instructions, to maintain hygiene and infection control.
The primary compliance requirement for all radiation protection equipment in Nigeria is to meet the standards and regulations set by the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA). The NNRA mandates that all facilities using ionizing radiation must have a comprehensive radiation protection program, which includes providing appropriate and certified PPE for all exposed personnel. During an NNRA audit, inspectors will check your inventory of lead aprons, verify they are in good condition, and review your records of periodic inspection. Maintaining a detailed log for each apron—including its purchase date, inspection results (both visual and fluoroscopic), and eventual disposal date—is a critical compliance activity.
For large-scale purchases, such as outfitting a new hospital wing, a cath lab, or an entire radiology department, financing options are available. These are typically structured through equipment leasing companies or can be bundled into a larger facility loan from a commercial bank. Franance can facilitate financing for bulk orders of lead aprons and shields exceeding NGN 5 million. For smaller orders of just a few aprons, facilities are expected to use their operational budgets. A typical financing arrangement for a bulk order might involve a 20-30% down payment with the balance spread over 12, 18, or 24 months.
The total cost of ownership (TCO) of a lead apron over its typical 5-year lifespan goes beyond the initial purchase price. It includes the cost of a proper storage rack and factors in the replacement cost of aprons that fail due to improper care. For example, a NGN 200,000 lightweight apron, when stored correctly on a NGN 150,000 5-apron rack (costing NGN 30,000 per apron slot), has a 5-year TCO of NGN 230,000, or NGN 46,000 per year. However, if that same NGN 200,000 apron is folded and cracks within two years, its TCO effectively doubles to NGN 100,000 per year. Investing in storage and training provides the best return and lowest long-term cost.
Tertiary hospitals require a comprehensive inventory of radiation protection equipment, including high-protection (0.5mm Pb), lightweight, wrap-around aprons for staff in interventional radiology, cardiology, and operating theatres. They also need a large stock of standard frontal aprons for general radiology and fluoroscopy rooms, patient protection shields (gonadal and ovarian), and multiple large mobile shields on wheels for use in theatres, ICUs, and for bedside procedures.
A private diagnostic centre primarily needs several high-quality, standard frontal aprons with 0.5mm Pb equivalency for its radiographers. Investing in lightweight composite models is a smart choice for high-throughput clinics, as it reduces staff fatigue and improves workflow. Additionally, a set of patient aprons and at least one thyroid shield per radiographer are essential.
NGOs operating mobile X-ray or screening units need lead aprons that are both lightweight and extremely durable to withstand the rigours of transport and frequent handling. A lightweight composite frontal apron is ideal. Portability, ease of cleaning, and a durable outer fabric are the most critical specifications for this use case.
For procedures involving C-arms in operating theatres, emergency rooms, and ICUs, wrap-around aprons are non-negotiable. They are essential for protecting staff from the high levels of scattered radiation that come from all directions. A large, mobile, height-adjustable lead shield is also a critical piece of equipment to shield other personnel in the room, such as anaesthetists and nurses, who are not directly involved in the imaging process.
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A standard lead apron costs between NGN 55,000 and NGN 150,000 in Nigeria, depending on lead equivalency and brand. A basic 0.5mm Pb front-protection apron for use with a GE AMX 4 Plus mobile X-ray might be NGN 60,000. A full-wrap vest and skirt style for a Siemens Artis Q cath lab, offering more protection and comfort, could exceed NGN 140,000. Always confirm the Pb equivalency meets your facility's specific radiation safety requirements.
Lead-free aprons in Lagos typically range from NGN 90,000 to NGN 250,000. These are lighter but more expensive, using materials like tin or antimony for protection. A lightweight bi-layer lead-free apron, ideal for long procedures in an interventional suite using a Philips Azurion 7 system, will be at the higher end of this range. The reduced weight significantly lowers operator fatigue during extended use, justifying the higher cost for high-volume departments.
Yes, affordable options for small clinics range from NGN 45,000 to NGN 80,000. These are typically standard front-protection aprons with 0.35mm or 0.5mm Pb equivalency from reputable but less premium brands. For basic diagnostic X-ray work, such as with a simple Carestream DRX-Ascend System, these provide adequate protection without the high cost of specialized aprons used in interventional radiology. Ensure they are still NNRA compliant.
Yes, you can finance bulk purchases of radiation protection equipment for your facility. For orders exceeding NGN 1,000,000, which could equip a new radiology department using a Siemens SOMATOM go.Up CT scanner, financing is a practical option. Companies like Franance offer leasing and loan solutions for medical equipment, allowing you to spread the cost over 12-36 months and conserve capital for other operational needs.
In Abuja, thyroid shields cost between NGN 15,000 and NGN 30,000, while lead glasses range from NGN 40,000 to NGN 120,000. The price for glasses varies based on the frame style and side-shield protection. For staff operating a GE Optima CT660, both are essential personal protective equipment. A standard thyroid collar offers 0.5mm Pb protection, which is the minimum recommended by the NNRA for protecting the sensitive thyroid gland.
You can buy certified lead aprons from major medical equipment suppliers in areas like Ikeja and Lagos Island. Reputable vendors stock brands like Bar-Ray, Infab, and Shielding International. Ensure the supplier provides a certificate of conformity showing the apron meets IEC 61331-1 standards. This is crucial for facilities using high-output equipment like a Canon Aquilion Prime SP CT scanner, where staff protection is paramount.
Choose a supplier in Port Harcourt with a proven track record and direct relationships with manufacturers. Ask for references from other hospitals, especially those with advanced imaging like a Philips Ingenia 1.5T MRI. A reliable supplier will offer a warranty, guidance on NNRA compliance, and after-sales support, including training on proper apron inspection and care. Verify they can provide all necessary compliance documentation for every item.
No, it is generally not possible to buy directly from international manufacturers like Infab or Bar-Ray in Nigeria. You must purchase through their accredited local distributors. These distributors handle importation, customs clearance, and ensure the products meet local standards set by the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA). This process ensures a clear chain of custody and accountability for product quality and safety.
Verify an apron's quality by checking the label for lead equivalency (e.g., 0.5mm Pb), the manufacturing date, and compliance standards like IEC 61331-3. Physically inspect it for cracks or lumps by laying it flat and feeling the surface. A quality apron, like one used in a cath lab with a Siemens Artis zee system, will have even material distribution and durable outer fabric. Always request a test certificate from the supplier.
Yes, there are medical equipment suppliers in Kano that provide radiation shielding, including lead aprons and thyroid collars. While the largest distributors are based in Lagos and Abuja, many have regional representatives or partners in Kano. For a facility installing a new digital X-ray system, it is best to contact national suppliers who can arrange delivery and provide local support, ensuring consistent quality and compliance.
It means the apron provides the same radiation protection as a solid sheet of lead that is 0.5 millimeters thick. This is the standard for primary beam protection in fluoroscopy and interventional radiology, such as when working with a GE OEC 9900 Elite C-arm. For staff exposed only to scatter radiation, 0.25mm or 0.35mm Pb may be sufficient, but 0.5mm offers a higher, mandatory safety margin in high-dose procedures.
A typical 0.5mm Pb equivalent lead apron weighs between 4.5 kg and 8 kg. The weight depends on the size and style; a full-wrap, two-piece (vest and skirt) apron is heavier but distributes the weight better than a single-piece apron. Lighter, lead-free composite aprons can weigh 25-30% less, a significant benefit for radiologists performing long procedures on a Philips Azurion system, reducing musculoskeletal strain.
The main types are front-protection aprons, full-wrap aprons, and two-piece vest/skirt combos. Front-protection is for when your back is away from the radiation source, common in general X-ray. Full-wrap and vest/skirt styles offer 360-degree protection, essential in interventional suites and cath labs where scatter radiation comes from all directions, such as around a Siemens Artis Q.zeno system. The choice depends on the specific clinical application.
Clean your lead apron with a soft cloth and mild detergent; never machine wash or use harsh chemicals as they can damage the protective core. Always hang it on a designated, sturdy rack after use. Do not fold or crease it, as this will crack the internal lead or composite material, creating radiation leaks. Proper storage is critical to extending its lifespan, which is typically 5-7 years with good care.
Lead-free aprons are made from a composite of other heavy metals like tin, antimony, tungsten, and bismuth, mixed into polymers. These materials provide radiation attenuation equivalent to lead but at a significantly lower weight. For example, a 'lite lead' apron might mix lead with lighter elements. These are ideal for staff in busy CT departments using scanners like the Canon Aquilion ONE / GENESIS Edition, as they reduce physical strain and fatigue.
Always buy a new lead apron. The protective core of an apron degrades over time and can develop invisible cracks, making it unsafe. A refurbished or used apron carries a significant safety risk and is not compliant with NNRA safety guidelines. The minor cost saving is not worth the potential radiation exposure, especially in high-dose environments like a nuclear medicine department or interventional suite.
A vest and skirt combination is better for long procedures as it distributes weight more evenly across the shoulders and hips, reducing back and shoulder strain. A full, one-piece apron is quicker to put on but places all the weight on the shoulders. For interventional cardiologists using a GE Innova IGS 5 system for hours, the ergonomic benefit of a vest and skirt is a critical factor for occupational health.
The most reputable and widely available brands in Nigeria are Infab, Bar-Ray, and Shielding International. These brands are known for their durability, quality control, and compliance with international standards (IEC 61331-1/3). When equipping a new radiology unit, such as one with a Fuji FDR D-EVO GL detector, choosing one of these brands ensures you receive a reliable and certified product from your supplier that meets NNRA standards.
Choose lead-free aprons if staff will wear them for extended periods (over 1-2 hours daily) to reduce fatigue and musculoskeletal strain. They are lighter but more expensive. For shorter, infrequent use, traditional lead aprons are more cost-effective and provide the same level of certified protection. The choice depends on the application; a radiologist in a busy cath lab needs a lead-free vest/skirt, while a technician in a dental clinic can use a standard lead apron.
You must check your lead apron for damage both visually and with an X-ray inspection annually. Visually, look for tears in the fabric and feel for lumps or cracks in the internal material. For X-ray inspection (fluoroscopy), lay the apron on the table and scan it for dark spots or lines, which indicate cracks or holes in the shielding. This annual check is a mandatory NNRA requirement for all radiation protection apparel.
The most common problem is cracking of the internal protective material due to improper storage. Folding an apron or draping it over a chair creates creases that break down the lead vinyl. This damage is often invisible from the outside but creates weak spots that allow radiation to pass through, compromising safety. Using proper wall-mounted or mobile apron racks is the only way to prevent this and ensure longevity.
No, a lead apron with a damaged or cracked protective core cannot be repaired and must be decommissioned immediately. Patching the outer fabric does not fix the internal shielding defect, which is the critical component. Attempting to repair it creates a false sense of security and violates NNRA safety protocols. The only solution is to replace the apron and dispose of the old one as hazardous waste.
Lead aprons should be replaced every 5-7 years, or immediately if they fail an annual inspection. Even with perfect care, the protective materials can degrade over time and with use. The manufacturing date is printed on the apron's tag. Facilities must maintain a log for each apron, tracking its age, inspection dates, and condition as part of their radiation safety program, which is auditable by the NNRA.
The correct way is to wipe the surface with a cloth dampened with lukewarm water and a mild, non-abrasive detergent. Never submerge, machine wash, or autoclave the apron, as this will destroy the protective core. After cleaning, wipe it with a cloth dampened with plain water to remove any soap residue, then hang it on a proper rack to air dry completely. Avoid harsh chemicals like bleach.
The Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA) requires that all lead aprons provide a minimum of 0.25mm Pb equivalency for staff and 0.5mm for patients (when shielding is needed). More importantly, the NNRA mandates that all aprons be visually inspected regularly and undergo an annual radiological inspection (fluoroscopy) to check for defects. A logbook must be kept for each apron documenting these inspections for compliance audits.
You must dispose of old lead aprons as hazardous waste, not in general hospital waste, due to their lead content. Contact a licensed hazardous waste management company in your city (Lagos, Abuja, etc.) that handles lead disposal. They will ensure it is processed correctly to prevent environmental contamination. Your facility's Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) must oversee this process and maintain disposal records for NNRA audits.
Yes, you still need a separate thyroid shield even if your apron has a high collar. The thyroid gland is extremely sensitive to radiation. A dedicated thyroid shield is designed to fit snugly around the neck, offering 0.5mm Pb protection and eliminating gaps that a simple high collar might leave. For procedures with high scatter, like those on a Siemens Cios Alpha C-arm, a separate, dedicated thyroid shield is mandatory for adequate protection.
No, lead gloves are only necessary when your hands are in or near the primary X-ray beam, which is common in interventional radiology or veterinary surgery. For general diagnostic imaging where the technician is behind a protective screen, they are not required. When used, they typically offer 0.25mm or 0.35mm Pb equivalency, providing a balance between protection and the dexterity needed to handle instruments and catheters.
A new department needs at least one personal apron for each radiographer, radiologist, and nurse who works in controlled areas, plus several guest/patient aprons in various sizes. For a department with a CT scanner like a GE Revolution Evo and two general X-ray rooms, plan for 8-12 personal aprons (vest/skirt for high-use staff) and 4-6 guest aprons, plus thyroid shields for everyone. This ensures no staff member has to share personal protective equipment.
The first step is to conduct a radiation shielding assessment with a certified medical physicist. They will determine the specific protection needs for each room based on the equipment (e.g., a Canon Alphenix interventional system vs. a basic dental X-ray) and projected workload. This assessment dictates the required Pb equivalency for aprons, thyroid shields, and structural shielding like walls and doors, ensuring you meet NNRA requirements from day one.